{"id":18033,"date":"2020-12-02T20:55:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T20:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18033"},"modified":"2020-12-02T20:55:00","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T20:55:00","slug":"native-americans-and-polynesians-a-shared-history-in-the-pacific","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/anthropology\/native-americans-and-polynesians-a-shared-history-in-the-pacific\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u016fvodn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 a Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9: P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e1 spojen\u00ed p\u0159es Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u016fvodn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 a Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9: Spole\u010dn\u00e1 historie v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 spojitosti p\u0159es oce\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 a Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 spolu interagovali kolem roku 1200. Tento kontakt prob\u011bhl p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Evropan\u016f do Ameriky a os\u00eddlen\u00edm Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova (Rapa Nui), kter\u00fd byl kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1n za mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00edsto setk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 a Jihoameri\u010dan\u00e9: N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci analyzovali vzorky DNA od sou\u010dasn\u00fdch jedinc\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Tichomo\u0159\u00edm a Ji\u017en\u00ed Amerikou. Jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee cesty mezi v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Polyn\u00e9si\u00ed a Amerikou prob\u00edhaly kolem roku 1200, co\u017e vedlo ke sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed populac\u00ed ve vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m souostrov\u00ed ji\u017en\u00edch Mark\u00e9z.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1hada prvn\u00edho setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9, zda Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9, p\u016fvodn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 nebo oba n\u00e1rody podnikly dlouh\u00e9 cesty, kter\u00e9 je svedly dohromady. Jedna teorie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Jihoameri\u010dan\u00e9 z pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Ekv\u00e1doru nebo Kolumbie se vydali do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Polyn\u00e9sie.<\/p>\n\n

Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 jako oce\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed objevitel\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n

Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 byli legend\u00e1rn\u00ed mo\u0159eplavci, kte\u0159\u00ed br\u00e1zdili obrovsk\u00fd Tich\u00fd oce\u00e1n v k\u00e1no\u00edch. Objevili a usadili se na ostrovech roztrou\u0161en\u00fdch po milionech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch kilometr\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova (Rapa Nui) a Mark\u00e9zsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fkazy z jazyka a kultury<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1padn\u00e9 podobnosti v jazyc\u00edch a poz\u016fstatc\u00edch staveb a kamen\u016f nab\u00edzej\u00ed vod\u00edtka k polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdm cest\u00e1m. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed potravin, jako jsou sladk\u00e9 brambory americk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, ale nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se po cel\u00e9m Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, tak\u00e9 podporuje teorii prehistorick\u00e9ho kontaktu mezi ob\u011bma kontinenty.<\/p>\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci vyu\u017eili anal\u00fdzu DNA k na\u010drtnut\u00ed tras starov\u011bk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. \u201eRekonstruujeme pomoc\u00ed genetick\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f prehistorickou ud\u00e1lost, kter\u00e1 nezanechala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 stopy,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Andres Moreno Estrada, spoluautor studie.<\/p>\n\n

P\u016fvod p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f v Polyn\u00e9sii<\/h2>\n\n

Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhaluje genetick\u00fd podpis p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f mezi lidmi na n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejv\u00fdchodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ostrovech Polyn\u00e9sie. Tento podpis nazna\u010duje spole\u010dn\u00fd zdroj mezi domorod\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody Kolumbie, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bli k polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 populaci v t\u011bchto oblastech.<\/p>\n\n

Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 v Americe<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory Heyerdahlov\u00fdm teori\u00edm o os\u00eddlen\u00ed polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edmi Ameri\u010dany podporuje nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum DNA alternativn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017ee Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 mohli p\u0159iplout do Ameriky.<\/p>\n\n

\u201eM\u016f\u017eeme spekulovat, \u017ee Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 objevili Ameriku a \u017ee do\u0161lo k ur\u010dit\u00e9 interakci s p\u016fvodn\u00edmi Ameri\u010dany,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Alexander Ioannidis, dal\u0161\u00ed spoluautor studie.<\/p>\n\n

Velikono\u010dn\u00ed ostrov: Polyn\u00e9sk\u00e1 z\u00e1hada<\/h2>\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky nov\u00e9 studie vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo tak\u00e9 na historii Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova (Rapa Nui). P\u0159edchoz\u00ed studie dosp\u011bly k protich\u016fdn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti p\u016fvodu p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f na ostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Ioannidis a jeho kolegov\u00e9 odebrali vzorky DNA od 166 obyvatel Velikono\u010dn\u00edho ostrova. Zjistili, \u017ee sm\u00edsen\u00ed mezi p\u016fvodn\u00edmi Ameri\u010dany a polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody nenastalo d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e kolem roku 1380, i kdy\u017e ostrov byl os\u00eddlen Polyn\u00e9sany nejpozd\u011bji v roce 1200.<\/p>\n\n

Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed Tichomo\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esn\u00e1 m\u00edsta a na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f a Polyn\u00e9san\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Spole\u010dn\u00e1 historie t\u011bchto dvou n\u00e1rod\u016f zanechala trval\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u016fvodn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 a Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9: Spole\u010dn\u00e1 historie v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed Genetick\u00e9 spojitosti p\u0159es oce\u00e1n Genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy odhaluj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 a Polyn\u00e9san\u00e9 spolu interagovali kolem roku 1200. Tento kontakt prob\u011bhl p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[88,23614,316,112,4933,23613,564,479],"class_list":["post-18033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-genetic-legacy","tag-native-americans","tag-cultural-exchange","tag-maritime-history","tag-polynesians","tag-exploration","tag-pacific-ocean"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18033"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18034,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18033\/revisions\/18034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}