{"id":18039,"date":"2020-04-04T08:55:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-04T08:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18039"},"modified":"2020-04-04T08:55:00","modified_gmt":"2020-04-04T08:55:00","slug":"hagia-sophia-monumental-struggle-preservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/architectural-history\/hagia-sophia-monumental-struggle-preservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Hagia Sofia: Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1pas nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hagia Sofia: Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1pas<\/h2>\n\n

Byzantsk\u00fd div<\/h2>\n\n

Hagia Sofia, kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed bazilika v Istanbulu, stoj\u00ed jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed velikosti byzantsk\u00e9 architektury. Dokon\u010dena v roce 537, byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm uzav\u0159en\u00fdm prostorem na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jej\u00ed masivn\u00ed kupole, zdoben\u00e1 propracovan\u00fdmi mozaikami, se ty\u010d\u00ed 55 metr\u016f nad mramorovou podlahou.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Hagia Sofia sehr\u00e1la v historii z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli. Po v\u00edce ne\u017e 900 let slou\u017eila jako st\u0159edobod v\u00fdchodn\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho bohoslu\u017eebn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Po osmansk\u00e9m dobyt\u00ed Konstantinopole v roce 1453 byla p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna na me\u0161itu, symbol triumfu isl\u00e1mu. V roce 1934 ji sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u016fdce Kemal Atat\u00fcrk p\u0159em\u011bnil na muzeum a prohl\u00e1sil ji za \u201epam\u00e1tn\u00edk cel\u00e9 civilizace\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

St\u0159et perspektiv<\/h2>\n\n

Dnes vis\u00ed osud Hagie Sofie na vl\u00e1sku. Sekularist\u00e9 ji pova\u017euj\u00ed za symbol modern\u00ed, sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed identity Turecka. N\u00e1bo\u017een\u0161t\u00ed konzervativci v\u0161ak tou\u017e\u00ed po jej\u00ed obnov\u011b jako me\u0161ity. Tento st\u0159et perspektiv odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v dne\u0161n\u00edm Turecku.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory sv\u00e9 symbolick\u00e9 hodnot\u011b \u010del\u00ed Hagia Sofia v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m v oblasti zachov\u00e1n\u00ed. Stolet\u00ed zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a seismick\u00e1 rizika ohro\u017euj\u00ed jej\u00ed stavebn\u00ed integritu. Pronik\u00e1n\u00ed vody, odlupuj\u00edc\u00ed se barva a ch\u00e1traj\u00edc\u00ed mozaiky vy\u017eaduj\u00ed nal\u00e9havou pozornost. Odborn\u00edci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 rekonstrukce by st\u00e1la miliardy dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Byzantsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Slo\u017eit\u00e9 mozaiky Hagie Sofie zobrazuj\u00ed sc\u00e9ny ze \u017eivota Krista, Panny Marie a byzantsk\u00fdch c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f. Tato neoceniteln\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla poskytuj\u00ed pohled do bohat\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed Byzantsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Historici um\u011bn\u00ed ji pova\u017euj\u00ed za nejucelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrku byzantsk\u00fdch mozaik na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Justinianovo mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo<\/h2>\n\n

Hagia Sofia byla objedn\u00e1na c\u00edsa\u0159em Justini\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd vl\u00e1dl Byzantsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i od roku 527 do roku 565. Justini\u00e1nova vl\u00e1da byla poznamen\u00e1na ambici\u00f3zn\u00edmi stavebn\u00edmi projekty a Hagia Sofia byla jeho korunn\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchem. Jej\u00ed velkolep\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko a bohat\u00e1 v\u00fdzdoba odr\u00e1\u017eely bohatstv\u00ed a moc \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n

Osmansk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Po osmansk\u00e9m dobyt\u00ed pro\u0161la Hagia Sofia v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami. Minarety, kter\u00e9 k n\u00ed Osman\u00e9 p\u0159idali, jsou dnes ikonickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jej\u00ed siluety. Na st\u011bny byly veps\u00e1ny ver\u0161e z Kor\u00e1nu, kter\u00e9 zakr\u00fdvaly n\u011bkter\u00e9 z k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch mozaik. Osman\u00e9 v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 obnovili a zachovali mnoho p\u016fvodn\u00edch rys\u016f budovy.<\/p>\n\n

Poklad Istanbulu<\/h2>\n\n

Hagia Sofia je symbolem jedine\u010dn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed tapis\u00e9rie Istanbulu. Jej\u00ed f\u00faze byzantsk\u00fdch, osmansk\u00fdch a modern\u00edch prvk\u016f odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed bohatou historii m\u011bsta a jeho rozmanit\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Po stalet\u00ed byla poutn\u00edm m\u00edstem pro k\u0159es\u0165any, muslimy i milovn\u00edky um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Budouc\u00ed nejistoty<\/h2>\n\n

Budoucnost Hagie Sofie je nejist\u00e1. St\u0159et mezi sekularisty a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi konzervativci i nad\u00e1le formuje jej\u00ed osud. Obavy o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e vrhaj\u00ed st\u00edn na jej\u00ed dlouhodobou udr\u017eitelnost. Zat\u00edmco se Turecko pot\u00fdk\u00e1 se svou identitou a d\u011bdictv\u00edm minulosti, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 osud tohoto architektonick\u00e9ho mistrovsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla p\u0159edm\u011btem trval\u00e9 debaty.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hagia Sofia: Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1pas Byzantsk\u00fd div Hagia Sofia, kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed bazilika v Istanbulu, stoj\u00ed jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed velikosti byzantsk\u00e9 architektury. Dokon\u010dena v roce 537, byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm uzav\u0159en\u00fdm prostorem na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1854],"tags":[17596,104,2526,23507,817,89,3188,23620,23621],"class_list":["post-18039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-architectural-history","tag-byzantine-architecture","tag-art-history","tag-hagia-sophia","tag-istanbul","tag-preservation","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-religious-symbolism","tag-ottoman-empire","tag-secularism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18039"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18040,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18039\/revisions\/18040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}