Krkavcovit\u00ed, \u010dele\u010f pt\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje havrany, vr\u00e1ny, sojky a straky, jsou u\u017e dlouho zn\u00e1m\u00ed svou inteligenc\u00ed. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee tito pt\u00e1ci maj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 schopnosti \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my a dokonce um\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie o havranech vrhla nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti t\u011bchto pt\u00e1k\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee havrani dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b odkl\u00e1dat uspokojen\u00ed a pl\u00e1novat budoucnost, co\u017e je dovednost, o kter\u00e9 se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, \u017ee je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 pro lidi a velk\u00e9 opice.<\/p>\n\n
V jednom experimentu byli havrani vycvi\u010deni, aby otev\u0159eli hlavolam tak, \u017ee upustili k\u00e1men do trubky. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pak hlavolam p\u0159esunuli mimo dosah pt\u00e1ka. O hodinu pozd\u011bji nab\u00eddli pt\u00e1k\u016fm podnos pokryt\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bty, v\u010detn\u011b kamene, kter\u00fd otev\u00edral hlavolam.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee havrani nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace o tom, zda se hlavolam vr\u00e1t\u00ed, vybrali k\u00e1men odemykaj\u00edc\u00ed krabici v 86 % test\u016f. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee havrani byli schopni pl\u00e1novat budoucnost a vybrat si n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd jim pozd\u011bji umo\u017en\u00ed z\u00edskat odm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n
V jin\u00e9m experimentu byli havrani testov\u00e1ni na odlo\u017een\u00e9 uspokojen\u00ed. Pt\u00e1ci byli vycvi\u010deni, aby si vybrali \u017eeton ze skupiny p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a pot\u00e9 jej podr\u017eeli po dobu patn\u00e1cti minut, ne\u017e jej vym\u011bnili za pamlsek. Havrani si vybrali \u017eeton m\u00edsto bezprost\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odm\u011bny v 77 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Tato schopnost odlo\u017eit uspokojen\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm vzd\u00e1t se okam\u017eit\u00e9 odm\u011bny ve prosp\u011bch v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odm\u011bny v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Schopnost havran\u016f pl\u00e1novat budoucnost a odkl\u00e1dat uspokojen\u00ed nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tito pt\u00e1ci maj\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti. Jsou schopni abstraktn\u011b myslet, logicky uva\u017eovat a \u010dinit rozhodnut\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b minul\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti havran\u016f se mohly vyvinout v d\u016fsledku jejich slo\u017eit\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a pot\u0159eby \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my ve sv\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Havrani \u017eij\u00ed ve skupin\u00e1ch a mus\u00ed spolupracovat, aby na\u0161li potravu a vyhnuli se pred\u00e1tor\u016fm. To vy\u017eaduje, aby dok\u00e1zali efektivn\u011b komunikovat, \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my a \u010dinit rozhodnut\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010din\u016f ostatn\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee havrani dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pl\u00e1novat budoucnost, m\u00e1 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e porozum\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed inteligenci. Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee schopnost pl\u00e1novat nen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e1 pro lidi a velk\u00e9 opice, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo.<\/p>\n\n
V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed studie o kognitivn\u00edch schopnostech havran\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch krkavcovit\u00fdch. Doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee se dozv\u011bd\u00ed v\u00edce o tom, jak tito pt\u00e1ci mysl\u00ed a rozhoduj\u00ed se, a jak se jejich inteligence srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s inteligenc\u00ed jin\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, v\u010detn\u011b lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Tento v\u00fdzkum by mohl poskytnout poznatky o evoluci inteligence a kognitivn\u00edch schopnostech r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f. Mohl by n\u00e1m tak\u00e9 pomoci l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt na\u0161im vlastn\u00edm kognitivn\u00edm schopnostem a jedine\u010dn\u00e9mu m\u00edstu \u010dlov\u011bka v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Havrani: Inteligentn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed um\u00ed pl\u00e1novat budoucnost Inteligence u krkavcovit\u00fdch Krkavcovit\u00ed, \u010dele\u010f pt\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje havrany, vr\u00e1ny, sojky a straky, jsou u\u017e dlouho zn\u00e1m\u00ed svou inteligenc\u00ed. Studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee tito…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[23650,23651,1048,23648,1394,2097,1590,2195,23649],"class_list":["post-18074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-future-planning","tag-ravens","tag-intelligence","tag-bird-intelligence","tag-animal-intelligence","tag-cognitive-abilities","tag-tool-use","tag-problem-solving","tag-corvids"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18074"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18075,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18074\/revisions\/18075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}