{"id":18088,"date":"2021-06-23T22:58:48","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T22:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18088"},"modified":"2021-06-23T22:58:48","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T22:58:48","slug":"dam-removal-balancing-environment-energy-production","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/dam-removal-balancing-environment-energy-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad: Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a v\u00fdroby energie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad: Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a v\u00fdroby energie<\/h2>\n\n

Vzestup a p\u00e1d p\u0159ehrad<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159ehrady, kdysi oslavovan\u00e9 jako \u010dist\u00e9 a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, se staly \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l n\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na \u00fadr\u017ebu a provoz. V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch bylo st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159ehrad vy\u0159azeno z provozu a odstran\u011bno, co\u017e vyvolalo debatu o environment\u00e1ln\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n

U mnoha p\u0159ehrad p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na modernizaci st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed infrastruktury tak, aby spl\u0148ovala modern\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy, v\u00fdhody pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho provozu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ehrada Condit na \u0159ece White Salmon ve st\u00e1t\u011b Washington by vy\u017eadovala modernizaci za 60 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, aby vyhovovala environment\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ehrady naproti tomu st\u00e1lo asi polovinu t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1stky.<\/p>\n\n

Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody<\/h2>\n\n

Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 environment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody. P\u0159ehrady naru\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 toky \u0159ek, blokuj\u00ed migraci ryb a m\u011bn\u00ed teplotu vody. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ehrad m\u016f\u017ee obnovit \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my, zlep\u0161it kvalitu vody a poskytnout nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro rekreaci.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159ehrady Condit<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159ehrada Condit byla odstran\u011bna v roce 2011, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byla \u0159eka White Salmon obnovena do sv\u00e9ho p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho stavu. B\u011bhem jednoho roku se do oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stolet\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9, vr\u00e1til losos steelhead, aby se zde vyt\u0159el. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ehrady tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161ilo kvalitu vody a vytvo\u0159ilo nov\u00e9 pe\u0159eje pro rekreaci.<\/p>\n\n

Obnova \u0159eky Elwha<\/h2>\n\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed projekt odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad v historii USA prob\u011bhl na \u0159ece Elwha ve st\u00e1t\u011b Washington. Dv\u011b p\u0159ehrady na \u0159ece blokovaly migraci losos\u016f po v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00ed. Jejich odstran\u011bn\u00ed otev\u0159elo stovky kilometr\u016f trdli\u0161\u0165, co\u017e vedlo k dramatick\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu populace losos\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost vodn\u00ed energie<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory poklesu v\u00fdstavby p\u0159ehrad z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vodn\u00ed energie d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem obnoviteln\u00e9 energie. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se v\u0161ak p\u0159esouv\u00e1 sm\u011brem k modernizaci st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ehrad a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 minimalizuj\u00ed dopady na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed energie a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed, zda p\u0159ehradu odstranit, je slo\u017eit\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dliv\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed ekonomick\u00fdch i environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f. Zat\u00edmco odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ehrady m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee to m\u00edt tak\u00e9 dopad na v\u00fdrobu energie a protipovod\u0148ovou ochranu.<\/p>\n\n

Zapojen\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00edstn\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 strany, v\u010detn\u011b domorod\u00fdch americk\u00fdch kmen\u016f, environment\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin a rekreant\u016f, hraj\u00ed p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli. Jejich vstupy pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zajistit, aby byl proces transparentn\u00ed a aby byly zohledn\u011bny z\u00e1jmy v\u0161ech stran.<\/p>\n\n

Op\u011btovn\u00e9 ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed povolen\u00ed a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpisy<\/h2>\n\n

Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159ehrad se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vyv\u00edjely a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby provozovatel\u00e9 p\u0159ehrad brali v \u00favahu dopady sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti na druhy ryb, kvalitu vody a rekreaci. Tyto p\u0159edpisy hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda m\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159ehrad\u011b ud\u011bleno op\u011btovn\u00e9 povolen\u00ed, nebo odstran\u011bna.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad je komplexn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost s ekonomick\u00fdmi i environment\u00e1ln\u00edmi d\u016fsledky. Pe\u010dliv\u00fdm zv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016f a v\u00fdhod a zapojen\u00edm z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran do rozhodovac\u00edho procesu m\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159ebu v\u00fdroby energie s ochranou na\u0161ich p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehrad: Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a v\u00fdroby energie Vzestup a p\u00e1d p\u0159ehrad P\u0159ehrady, kdysi oslavovan\u00e9 jako \u010dist\u00e9 a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, se staly \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l n\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na \u00fadr\u017ebu a provoz.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[254,15321,20030,23664,365,23663],"class_list":["post-18088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-wildlife","tag-environmental-restoration","tag-dam-removal","tag-rivers","tag-hydropower","tag-energy-production"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18088"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18089,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18088\/revisions\/18089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}