{"id":18102,"date":"2024-06-12T13:54:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T13:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18102"},"modified":"2024-06-12T13:54:02","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T13:54:02","slug":"new-zealands-pohutukawa-tree-australian-roots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/botany\/new-zealands-pohutukawa-tree-australian-roots\/","title":{"rendered":"Australsk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny stromu Pohutukawa: P\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd objev"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ikonick\u00fd novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fd strom Pohutukawa: Odhalen\u00ed jeho australsk\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Objev prav\u011bk\u00fdch fosili\u00ed v Tasm\u00e1nii<\/h2>\n\n

Strom Pohutukawa, uct\u00edvan\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159iv\u011b karm\u00ednov\u00e9 kv\u011bty, kter\u00e9 zdob\u00ed novoz\u00e9landskou letn\u00ed krajinu, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt sv\u016fj p\u016fvod sp\u00ed\u0161e v Austr\u00e1lii ne\u017e na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vze\u0161lo z pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 studie publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise American Journal of Botany, kter\u00e1 popsala dva nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 fosiln\u00ed druhy rodu Metrosideros, do n\u011bho\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed i Pohutukawa.<\/p>\n\n

Fosilie, kter\u00e9 na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tasm\u00e1nie vykopali v\u011bdci z University of Adelaide, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z doby p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 miliony let. Jsou ozna\u010deny jako Metrosideros dawsonii a Metrosideros wrightii a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u016fkaz o d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edc\u00edch stromu Pohutukawa.<\/p>\n\n

Podp\u016frn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy pro australsk\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/h2>\n\n

Objev t\u011bchto fosili\u00ed v Austr\u00e1lii je v souladu s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi n\u00e1lezy fosili\u00ed rodu Metrosideros v Tasm\u00e1nii, kter\u00e9 se datuj\u00ed do doby p\u0159ed 35 miliony let. Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podporuj\u00ed teorii, \u017ee rod Metrosideros poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Austr\u00e1lie, proto\u017ee nazna\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost rozmanit\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly jeho prav\u011bk\u00fdch druh\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b tam.<\/p>\n\n

Krom\u011b toho nazna\u010duje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u011b objeven\u00fdch fosili\u00ed, \u017ee mohly b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b dob\u0159e p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159edky. To podporuje hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Austr\u00e1lie, proto\u017ee bylo m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by migrovaly n\u011bkam jinam.<\/p>\n\n

Vyhynut\u00ed v Austr\u00e1lii a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00edm Pacifiku<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159es sv\u016fj p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd australsk\u00fd p\u016fvod se stromy Pohutukawa a jejich p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed z \u010deledi myrtovit\u00fdch ji\u017e v Austr\u00e1lii nevyskytuj\u00ed. Da\u0159\u00ed se jim v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech ji\u017en\u00edho Pacifiku, v\u010detn\u011b Havaje, Papuy-Nov\u00e9 Guineje, Boninsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f a subantarktick\u00fdch ostrov\u016f. D\u016fvod jejich vyhynut\u00ed v Austr\u00e1lii z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1hadou.<\/p>\n\n

Kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro Maory<\/h2>\n\n

I kdy\u017e strom Pohutukawa nemus\u00ed poch\u00e1zet z Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu, m\u00e1 pro Maory hlubok\u00fd kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Pova\u017eovali ho za posv\u00e1tn\u00fd strom, kter\u00fd hr\u00e1l v\u00fdznamnou roli v maorsk\u00e9 mytologii.<\/p>\n\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b uct\u00edvan\u00fd strom Pohutukawa se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00edm c\u00edpu mysu Reinga. Podle maorsk\u00e9 mytologie je to m\u00edsto, kde du\u0161e mrtv\u00fdch za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed svou cestu do p\u0159edk\u016f vlasti Hawaiki. Seskakuj\u00ed z kamenit\u00e9ho v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku a sestupuj\u00ed do podsv\u011bt\u00ed ko\u0159eny stromu Pohutukawa.<\/p>\n\n

Osadn\u00edci v 19. stolet\u00ed a strom Pohutukawa<\/h2>\n\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed byli evrop\u0161t\u00ed osadn\u00edci p\u0159itahov\u00e1ni okouzluj\u00edc\u00edmi kv\u011bty stromu Pohutukawa. Sv\u016fj kostel a domy zdobili jeho z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fdmi kv\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n

Strom Pohutukawa se stal hluboce spjat\u00fd s histori\u00ed a identitou Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu. Zdob\u00ed v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a objevuje se ve sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch p\u00edsn\u00edch jako symbol tepla a radosti v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a ochrana<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci nad\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii stromu Pohutukawa a jeho vztah k jeho australsk\u00fdm p\u0159edk\u016fm. Pochopen\u00ed d\u016fvod\u016f jeho vyhynut\u00ed v Austr\u00e1lii by mohlo objasnit faktory, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 snahy na ochranu a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed stromu Pohutukawa na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. Jeho kulturn\u00ed a ekologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam vy\u017eaduje neust\u00e1l\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v krajin\u011b zem\u011b pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ikonick\u00fd novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fd strom Pohutukawa: Odhalen\u00ed jeho australsk\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f Objev prav\u011bk\u00fdch fosili\u00ed v Tasm\u00e1nii Strom Pohutukawa, uct\u00edvan\u00fd pro sv\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159iv\u011b karm\u00ednov\u00e9 kv\u011bty, kter\u00e9 zdob\u00ed novoz\u00e9landskou letn\u00ed krajinu, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt sv\u016fj p\u016fvod…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[136,239,23682,23681,23680],"class_list":["post-18102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-botany","tag-evolution","tag-fossils","tag-maori-culture","tag-metrosideros","tag-pohutukawa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18102"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18103,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18102\/revisions\/18103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}