{"id":18106,"date":"2025-09-07T17:04:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T17:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18106"},"modified":"2025-09-07T17:04:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-07T17:04:18","slug":"nicolas-appert-the-father-of-canning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/food-science\/nicolas-appert-the-father-of-canning\/","title":{"rendered":"Nicolas Appert: Otec konzerv a mu\u017e, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil d\u011bjiny j\u00eddla!"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nicolas Appert: Otec konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probl\u00e9m konzervace potravin<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u011bhem francouzsk\u00fdch revolu\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek \u010delila francouzsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b: jak bezpe\u010dn\u011b skladovat potraviny. Znehodnocen\u00ed potravin bylo velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd vedl k nemocem a dokonce i smrti mezi voj\u00e1ky. V roce 1795 nab\u00eddla francouzsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da odm\u011bnu 12 000 frank\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo by na\u0161el \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Experimenty Nicolase Apperta<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nicolas Appert, v\u00fdrobce cukrovinek, se t\u00e9to v\u00fdzvy ujal. Metodou pokus\u016f a omyl\u016f vyvinul proces konzervace, kter\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b uchov\u00e1val potraviny. Appert umis\u0165oval potraviny do sklenic, uzav\u00edral je voskem a va\u0159il je ve vodn\u00ed l\u00e1zni. Tento proces zab\u00edjel bakterie a dal\u0161\u00ed mikroorganismy a vytv\u00e1\u0159el vakuov\u00e9 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1nilo ka\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1sady konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Appert\u016fv proces konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed byl zalo\u017een na dvou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch principech:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Odsun vzduchu:<\/strong> Odstran\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu ze sklenic br\u00e1nilo pronik\u00e1n\u00ed mikroorganism\u016f a ka\u017een\u00ed potravin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aplikace tepla:<\/strong> Va\u0159en\u00ed sklenic ve vodn\u00ed l\u00e1zni zab\u00edjelo v\u0161echny zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed mikroorganismy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Appert\u016fv \u00fasp\u011bch a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po 14 letech experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed Appert zdokonalil sv\u016fj proces konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1810 publikoval sv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v knize s n\u00e1zvem &#8220;Um\u011bn\u00ed uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch a rostlinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek po mnoho let&#8221;. Appertova pr\u00e1ce zp\u016fsobila revoluci v konzervaci potravin a vynesla mu titul &#8220;Otec konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159ijet\u00ed konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed francouzsk\u00fdm n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvem<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1806 francouzsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b otestovalo principy konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed Apperta na \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le potravin, v\u010detn\u011b masa, zeleniny, ovoce a dokonce i ml\u00e9ka. To prok\u00e1zalo \u00fa\u010dinnost konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravin po dlouhou dobu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zdokonalen\u00ed Petera Duranda<\/h2>\n\n<p>Angli\u010dan Peter Durand zdokonalil proces konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed Apperta pou\u017eit\u00edm plechov\u00fdch konzerv m\u00edsto sklen\u011bn\u00fdch sklenic. V roce 1810 obdr\u017eel patent na plechovku, kter\u00e1 se stala standardn\u00ed n\u00e1dobou pro konzervovan\u00e9 potraviny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role Louise Pasteura<\/h2>\n\n<p>O mnoho let pozd\u011bji v\u00fdzkum Louise Pasteura o mikroorganismech odhalil v\u011bdeck\u00fd z\u00e1klad Appertova procesu konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pasteur zjistil, \u017ee mikroorganismy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed ka\u017een\u00ed potravin a \u017ee zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed potravin na vysokou teplotu m\u016f\u017ee tyto mikroorganismy zab\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u011bdictv\u00ed konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Appert\u016fv vyn\u00e1lez konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bl hlubok\u00fd dopad na potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje uchov\u00e1vat potraviny po del\u0161\u00ed dobu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159epravu a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. To hr\u00e1lo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i krmen\u00ed arm\u00e1d, zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin b\u011bhem hladomor\u016f a zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly potravin spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm po cel\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak konzervovat potraviny doma<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed je obl\u00edben\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak uchov\u00e1vat potraviny a u\u017e\u00edvat si v\u00fdhod \u010derstv\u00fdch, doma p\u011bstovan\u00fdch produkt\u016f po cel\u00fd rok. Zde jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kroky pro konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin doma:<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159ipravte potraviny umyt\u00edm, oloup\u00e1n\u00edm a kr\u00e1jen\u00edm podle pot\u0159eby.<\/li>\n<li>Napl\u0148te sterilizovan\u00e9 sklenice p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi potravinami a nechte naho\u0159e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\/2 palce voln\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159idejte ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 tekutiny, jako je voda, v\u00fdvar nebo sirup.<\/li>\n<li>Zape\u010de\u0165te sklenice v\u00ed\u010dky a krou\u017eky.<\/li>\n<li>Zpracujte sklenice ve vrouc\u00ed vodn\u00ed l\u00e1zni nebo tlakov\u00e9m hrnci po doporu\u010denou dobu.<\/li>\n<li>Nechte sklenice zcela vychladnout a zkontrolujte spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recepty na konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje nespo\u010det konzerv\u00e1rensk\u00fdch recept\u016f pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu potravin, v\u010detn\u011b ovoce, zeleniny, masa a om\u00e1\u010dek. N\u011bkter\u00e9 obl\u00edben\u00e9 recepty na konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Konzervovan\u00e1 raj\u010data<\/li>\n<li>Konzervovan\u00e9 broskve<\/li>\n<li>Konzervovan\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 fazolky<\/li>\n<li>Konzervovan\u00e9 ku\u0159e<\/li>\n<li>Konzervovan\u00e1 salsa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipy pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edvejte \u010derstv\u00e9, vysoce kvalitn\u00ed produkty.<\/li>\n<li>Pe\u010dliv\u011b dodr\u017eujte recepty na konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvejte doporu\u010den\u00e9 doby zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159ed pou\u017eit\u00edm sterilizujte sklenice a v\u00ed\u010dka.<\/li>\n<li>Zkontrolujte sklenice, zda maj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Skladujte konzervovan\u00e9 potraviny na chladn\u00e9m a tmav\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nicolas Appert: Otec konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed Probl\u00e9m konzervace potravin B\u011bhem francouzsk\u00fdch revolu\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lek \u010delila francouzsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdzv\u011b: jak bezpe\u010dn\u011b skladovat potraviny. Znehodnocen\u00ed potravin bylo velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd vedl k nemocem a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[628],"tags":[13132,347,23687,23688,7298],"class_list":["post-18106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-science","tag-canning","tag-food-history","tag-nicolas-appert","tag-science-and-cooking","tag-food-preservation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18106"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24922,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18106\/revisions\/24922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}