N\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzk\u00fd vztah se psy sah\u00e1 tis\u00edce let do minulosti a ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy DNA vrhly sv\u011btlo na v\u00fdznamnou roli, kterou lid\u00e9 sehr\u00e1li p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ps\u00edho v\u00fdvoje. Domestikac\u00ed vlk\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 000 lety lid\u00e9 ne\u00famysln\u011b ovlivnili genetick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed ps\u016f, co\u017e vedlo k v\u00fdvoji odli\u0161n\u00fdch lini\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jak sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 migrovali po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, jejich ps\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00edci je \u010dasto n\u00e1sledovali. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech si lid\u00e9 p\u0159ivedli sv\u00e9 psy s sebou a p\u0159edstavili nov\u00e9 linie v r\u016fzn\u00fdch regionech. V jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech adoptovali m\u00edstn\u00ed psy, kte\u0159\u00ed byli l\u00e9pe p\u0159izp\u016fsobeni prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm DNA star\u00fdch ps\u016f a lid\u00ed z podobn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch obdob\u00ed a m\u00edst byli v\u011bdci schopni vysledovat evolu\u010dn\u00ed linie obou druh\u016f. Tato anal\u00fdza odhalila, \u017ee na konci posledn\u00ed doby ledov\u00e9, asi p\u0159ed 11 000 lety, existovalo nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bt odli\u0161n\u00fdch lini\u00ed ps\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta, v\u010detn\u011b Nov\u00e9 Guineje, Ameriky, severn\u00ed Evropy, Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu a Sibi\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n
V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u011bli lid\u00e9 a psi spole\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad psi a lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili asi p\u0159ed 5 000 lety ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku, oba poch\u00e1zeli z Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee kdy\u017e se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo na z\u00e1pad, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ps\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00edci doprov\u00e1zeli sv\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky.<\/p>\n\n
V jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech si lidsk\u0159\u00ed migranti adoptovali m\u00edstn\u00ed psy, kte\u0159\u00ed byli l\u00e9pe p\u0159izp\u016fsobeni dan\u00e9mu regionu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad farm\u00e1\u0159i v N\u011bmecku \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ed 7 000 lety poch\u00e1zeli z Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu, ale jejich psi poch\u00e1zeli z evropsk\u00fdch a sibi\u0159sk\u00fdch lini\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 n\u011bkdy z\u00edsk\u00e1vali psy, kte\u0159\u00ed byli l\u00e9pe p\u0159izp\u016fsobeni jejich nov\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Geografick\u00e1 poloha r\u016fzn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed m\u011bla v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na genetick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed jejich ps\u016f. Psi v severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad vyvinuli hust\u0161\u00ed srst a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 rozm\u011bry, aby odolali chladn\u00e9mu podneb\u00ed. Naproti tomu psi v teplej\u0161\u00edch oblastech vyvinuli men\u0161\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 rozm\u011bry a krat\u0161\u00ed srst.<\/p>\n\n
Genetick\u00e1 rozmanitost star\u00fdch ps\u016f byla zachov\u00e1na v modern\u00edch plemenech. Sibi\u0159\u0161t\u00ed huskyov\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad nesou DNA ze star\u00e9 linie poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze Sibi\u0159e. Podobn\u011b maj\u00ed \u010divavy genetick\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v Mexiku. Studiem DNA modern\u00edch plemen mohou v\u011bdci vysledovat genetickou historii ps\u016f zp\u011bt o tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdvoj a migrace ps\u016f nebyly v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00fdm procesem. N\u011bkdy se lid\u00e9 st\u011bhovali, ani\u017e by s sebou brali sv\u00e9 psy, zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se psi obchodovali mezi lidsk\u00fdmi skupinami. Tyto komplexn\u00ed faktory p\u0159isp\u011bly ke genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ps\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Spole\u010dn\u00e1 evoluce a migrace ps\u016f a lid\u00ed Ps\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a lidsk\u00fd vliv N\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzk\u00fd vztah se psy sah\u00e1 tis\u00edce let do minulosti a ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy DNA vrhly sv\u011btlo na v\u00fdznamnou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[88,23818,19417,188,1714,1017,741],"class_list":["post-18205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-archaeology","tag-domestication-of-dogs","tag-canine-evolution","tag-genetics","tag-human-migration","tag-ancient-dna","tag-zoology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18205"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18206,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18205\/revisions\/18206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}