{"id":1824,"date":"2021-07-18T21:53:12","date_gmt":"2021-07-18T21:53:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1824"},"modified":"2021-07-18T21:53:12","modified_gmt":"2021-07-18T21:53:12","slug":"platypus-face-grave-threats-from-drought-and-wildfires","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/platypus-face-grave-threats-from-drought-and-wildfires\/","title":{"rendered":"Ptakopysk v ohro\u017een\u00ed: n\u00e1sledky sucha a po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Australsk\u00fdm ptakopysk\u016fm hroz\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed sucha a po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekologick\u00e1 krize dol\u00e9h\u00e1 na jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vejcorod\u00e9 savce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Australsk\u00fd ptakopysk, zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou jedine\u010dnou kombinac\u00ed sav\u010d\u00edch a plaz\u00edch znak\u016f, \u010del\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 hrozb\u011b ze strany pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho sucha a po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f v zemi. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise <strong>Biological Conservation<\/strong> p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee mno\u017estv\u00ed ptakopysk\u016f by se do roku 2070 mohlo sn\u00ed\u017eit a\u017e o 66 % a druh by mohl zcela vymizet z 40 % sv\u00e9ho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hrozby pro populace ptakopysk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ptakopysk, klasifikovan\u00fd IUCN jako <strong>t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ohro\u017een\u00fd<\/strong>, je velmi citliv\u00fd na zm\u011bny \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Sucho a po\u017e\u00e1ry zhor\u0161uj\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed hrozby, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v d\u016fsledku vysych\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edch tok\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 teploty vody, kter\u00e9 jsou pro ptakopysky smrt\u00edc\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 dostupnost potravy kv\u016fli vy\u010derpan\u00fdm populac\u00edm hmyzu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historick\u00fd \u00fapadek a tlak ze strany lovc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Populace ptakopysk\u016f klesaj\u00ed u\u017e po stalet\u00ed. Lov kv\u016fli jejich jemn\u00e9, vod\u011bodoln\u00e9 ko\u017ee\u0161in\u011b ve 20. stolet\u00ed jejich po\u010det v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eil. P\u0159esto\u017ee je lov nyn\u00ed zak\u00e1z\u00e1n, historick\u00fd dopad mohl b\u00fdt z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. V\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje pokles populace o v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 % od 17. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00damrtnost ml\u00e1\u010fat a sucho<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mlad\u00ed ptakopyskov\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti b\u011bhem sucha. Obvykle opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed nory sv\u00fdch matek v lednu a \u00fanoru, ale nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e je mnoho vodn\u00edch tok\u016f vyschl\u00fdch nebo p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdch, bojuj\u00ed s t\u00edm, aby na\u0161li dostatek potravy a \u00fakrytu. Leto\u0161n\u00ed siln\u00e9 sucho by m\u011blo v\u00e9st k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti ml\u00e1\u010fat.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy v \u00fasil\u00ed o ochranu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ochrana ptakopysk\u016f p\u0159edstavuje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy kv\u016fli jejich vyb\u00edrav\u00e9 povaze. Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako jsou klokani, ptakopyskov\u00e9 nemohou b\u00fdt z\u00e1sobov\u00e1ni potravou ze vzduchu, proto\u017ee konzumuj\u00ed pouze \u017eivou ko\u0159ist. P\u0159esun uv\u00edzl\u00fdch ptakopysk\u016f k vodn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it konkurenci v ji\u017e tak napjat\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro divok\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata jsou ji\u017e p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o zv\u00ed\u0159ata vys\u00eddlen\u00e1 bezprecedentn\u00edmi po\u017e\u00e1ry bu\u0161e. Specializovan\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de vy\u017eadovan\u00e1 pro ptakopysky, v\u010detn\u011b jejich jedovat\u00fdch ostruh a vysok\u00e9 spot\u0159eby potravy, by kladla dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na tyto zdroje.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a ochrana<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ptakopyskov\u00e9 jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bni australsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Po ni\u010div\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1rech bu\u0161e se v\u0161ak zva\u017euje revize p\u0159edpis\u016f o ohro\u017een\u00fdch druz\u00edch. Ochran\u00e1\u0159i \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed monitoringu a v\u00fdzkumu, aby l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli hrozb\u00e1m, kter\u00fdm ptakopyskov\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pot\u0159eba jednat<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ochrana ptakopysk\u016f vy\u017eaduje mnohostrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd zahrnuje:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed ochrany a obnovy p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu<\/li>\n<li>Financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a monitoringu za \u00fa\u010delem identifikace a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch hrozeb<\/li>\n<li>Podpora ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch iniciativ zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na zotaven\u00ed ptakopysk\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00edm t\u011bchto krok\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159isp\u011bt k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch a milovan\u00fdch tvor\u016f pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Australsk\u00fdm ptakopysk\u016fm hroz\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed sucha a po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f Ekologick\u00e1 krize dol\u00e9h\u00e1 na jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vejcorod\u00e9 savce Australsk\u00fd ptakopysk, zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou jedine\u010dnou kombinac\u00ed sav\u010d\u00edch a plaz\u00edch znak\u016f, \u010del\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 hrozb\u011b ze strany&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[1341,3931,401,404,3930,2990],"class_list":["post-1824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-australia","tag-wildfires","tag-conservation","tag-endangered-species","tag-platypus","tag-drought"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1824"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1825,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1824\/revisions\/1825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}