{"id":18240,"date":"2021-03-06T20:10:54","date_gmt":"2021-03-06T20:10:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18240"},"modified":"2021-03-06T20:10:54","modified_gmt":"2021-03-06T20:10:54","slug":"trolls-ruining-science-journalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/science-communication\/trolls-ruining-science-journalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Trollov\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed v\u011bdeckou \u017eurnalistiku: Jak negativn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trollov\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed v\u011bdeckou \u017eurnalistiku<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak negativn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdeck\u00e1 \u017eurnalistika hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v informov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti o v\u011bdeck\u00e9m pokroku a jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopadech na spole\u010dnost. Existuje v\u0161ak rostouc\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje integritu v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u017eurnalistiky: n\u00e1r\u016fst troll\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad negativn\u00edch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trollov\u00e9 jsou jedinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se na internetu anga\u017euj\u00ed v ru\u0161iv\u00e9m a \u010dasto \u0161kodliv\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed provokativn\u00edch nebo hanliv\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Zat\u00edmco trolling je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m na cel\u00e9m internetu, je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed v souvislosti s v\u011bdeckou \u017eurnalistikou.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd University of Wisconsin uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee negativn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e, i kdy\u017e jsou neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9, mohou m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i. Ve studii t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f k p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na blogu o nanotechnologi\u00edch zjistili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli vystaveni negativn\u00edm koment\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tendenci vytv\u00e1\u0159et si negativn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o t\u00e9to technologii.<\/p>\n\n<p>D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee negativn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e spou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed na\u0161e emoce, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b formuj\u00ed na\u0161e my\u0161len\u00ed. Podle psychologick\u00e9 teorie motivovan\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 tendenci zpracov\u00e1vat informace zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd potvrzuje jejich st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se setk\u00e1me s emo\u010dn\u011b nabit\u00fdmi koment\u00e1\u0159i, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se budeme v\u011bnovat obrann\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed a zdvojn\u00e1sob\u00edme sv\u00e9 zaujat\u00e9 n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probl\u00e9m s nanotechnologi\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nanotechnologie je rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l zm\u011bnit mnoho aspekt\u016f na\u0161eho \u017eivota. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed nanotechnologi\u00ed v\u0161ak \u010dasto utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed dezinformace a stra\u0161en\u00ed. Trollov\u00e9 tohoto strachu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed negativn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed na city lid\u00ed a podr\u00fdvaj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru ve v\u011bdu.<\/p>\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b studie z Wisconsinu v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee vystaven\u00ed negativn\u00edm koment\u00e1\u0159\u016fm publikum polarizovalo. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee nanotechnologie je riskantn\u00ed, se stali je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdmi, zat\u00edmco ti, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1, se stali odm\u00edtav\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role emoc\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Emoce hraj\u00ed silnou roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich vjem\u016f o sv\u011bt\u011b. Kdy\u017e \u010dteme emo\u010dn\u011b nabit\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e, n\u00e1\u0161 mozek reaguje aktivac\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed reakce na boj nebo \u00fat\u011bk. Tato reakce spou\u0161t\u00ed kask\u00e1du fyziologick\u00fdch a psychologick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s \u010din\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k tomu, abychom reagovali defenzivn\u011b a m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k tomu, abychom se zapojili do racion\u00e1ln\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>V souvislosti s v\u011bdeckou \u017eurnalistikou to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee trollov\u00e9 mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat negativn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e k tomu, aby unesli na\u0161e emoce a manipulovali s na\u0161\u00edm ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bdy. Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed reakce na boj nebo \u00fat\u011bk n\u00e1s trollov\u00e9 mohou u\u010dinit n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k tomu, abychom odm\u00edtli nebo zavrhli v\u011bdeck\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161e st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak \u010delit vlivu troll\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u010celit vlivu troll\u016f ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u017eurnalistice vy\u017eaduje v\u00edcestrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Zaprv\u00e9 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t taktiky, kter\u00e9 trollov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, a rozpoznat jejich z\u00e1m\u011br. Kdy\u017e naraz\u00edte na trolla, sna\u017ete se z\u016fstat klidn\u00ed a vyhn\u011bte se p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 konfrontaci s n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<p>Zadruh\u00e9 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 hledat d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 zdroje informac\u00ed o v\u011bd\u011b. Renomovan\u00e9 v\u011bdecko-\u017eurnalistick\u00e9 organizace zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed fact-checkery a experty, aby zajistily p\u0159esnost sv\u00e9ho zpravodajstv\u00ed. \u010cerp\u00e1n\u00edm zpr\u00e1v z t\u011bchto m\u00e9di\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete sn\u00ed\u017eit svou expozici v\u016f\u010di dezinformac\u00edm a trollingu.<\/p>\n\n<p>A kone\u010dn\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 podporovat v r\u00e1mci v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u017eurnalistiky respekt a informovanou diskusi. Povzbuzujte ostatn\u00ed, aby se zapojili do civilizovan\u00e9ho rozhovoru a zpochyb\u0148ovali dezinformace a trolling. Vytvo\u0159en\u00edm pozitivn\u00edho a vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro v\u011bdeckou \u017eurnalistiku m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159isp\u011bt k tomu, aby ve\u0159ejnost m\u011bla p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159esn\u00fdm a nezaujat\u00fdm informac\u00edm o v\u011bd\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed tipy, jak se vyhnout vlivu troll\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bu\u010fte skepti\u010dt\u00ed k koment\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 emotivn\u00ed nebo provokativn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159te si d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost osoby, kter\u00e1 koment\u00e1\u0159e p\u00ed\u0161e. M\u00e1 odborn\u00e9 znalosti v dan\u00e9m t\u00e9matu?<\/li>\n<li>Zva\u017ete zdroj informac\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o renomovan\u00e9 v\u011bdecko-\u017eurnalistick\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, nebo o web, kter\u00fd je zn\u00e1m\u00fd \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm dezinformac\u00ed?<\/li>\n<li>Pokud si nejste jisti p\u0159esnost\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e, prove\u010fte si vlastn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum a informace si ov\u011b\u0159te.<\/li>\n<li>Pamatujte, \u017ee trollov\u00e9 se \u010dasto sna\u017e\u00ed vyvolat reakci. Ned\u00e1vejte jim to uspokojen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trollov\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed v\u011bdeckou \u017eurnalistiku Jak negativn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f V\u011bdeck\u00e1 \u017eurnalistika hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v informov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti o v\u011bdeck\u00e9m pokroku a jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopadech na spole\u010dnost. Existuje v\u0161ak rostouc\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[165],"tags":[16582,23862,160,23863,1218],"class_list":["post-18240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science-communication","tag-misinformation","tag-trolling","tag-science-communication","tag-science-journalism","tag-perception"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18240"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18241,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18240\/revisions\/18241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}