{"id":18248,"date":"2019-07-16T08:29:54","date_gmt":"2019-07-16T08:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18248"},"modified":"2019-07-16T08:29:54","modified_gmt":"2019-07-16T08:29:54","slug":"unveiling-the-genetic-secret-of-red-birds-vibrant-hues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/unveiling-the-genetic-secret-of-red-birds-vibrant-hues\/","title":{"rendered":"Kde z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010derven\u00ed pt\u00e1ci sv\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 odst\u00edny? Odhalen\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho tajemstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kde z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010derven\u00ed pt\u00e1ci sv\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 odst\u00edny<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odhalen\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho tajemstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V \u017eiv\u00e9 tapis\u00e9rii p\u0159\u00edrody vynikaj\u00ed \u010derven\u00ed pt\u00e1ci jako strhuj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edvan\u00e1. Jejich pe\u0159\u00ed se t\u0159pyt\u00ed nachov\u00fdm leskem, tajemstv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdce dlouho fascinovalo. Dv\u011b pr\u016flomov\u00e9 studie nyn\u00ed vrhly sv\u011btlo na genetick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady tohoto pozoruhodn\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>V srdci tajemstv\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed gen zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako CYP2J19. Tento gen odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za p\u0159em\u011bnu \u017elut\u00fdch karotenoid\u016f, pigment\u016f nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se v rostlin\u00e1ch, na \u010derven\u00e9 ketokarotenoidy, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed pta\u010d\u00edmu pe\u0159\u00ed jeho v\u00fdrazn\u00fd odst\u00edn. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee CYP2J19 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b aktivn\u00ed u \u010derven\u011b zbarven\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje produkovat \u017eiv\u00e9 barvy, kter\u00e9 zdob\u00ed jejich ope\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolu\u010dn\u00ed h\u00e1danka<\/h2>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli byl genetick\u00fd mechanismus stoj\u00edc\u00ed za \u010derven\u00fdm zbarven\u00edm odhalen, evolu\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1hadou. Pro\u010d by se pt\u00e1ci vyvinuli tak, aby vykazovali tak n\u00e1padn\u00e9 barvy, kter\u00e9 by je mohly u\u010dinit zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di pred\u00e1tor\u016fm?<\/p>\n\n<p>Jedna zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u010derven\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mkou zdrav\u00ed a kondice. Gen, kter\u00fd produkuje \u010derven\u00e9 ketokarotenoidy, je tak\u00e9 spojov\u00e1n s metabolismem toxin\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pt\u00e1ci s jasn\u011bji \u010derven\u00fdm pe\u0159\u00edm mohou b\u00fdt l\u00e9pe schopni detoxikovat \u0161kodliv\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 konzumuj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 potrav\u011b. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, jejich \u017eiv\u00e9 odst\u00edny mohou b\u00fdt d\u016fkazem jejich schopnosti odol\u00e1vat v\u00fdzv\u00e1m \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Komer\u010dn\u00ed aplikace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev genu zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho za \u010derven\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed u pt\u00e1k\u016f tak\u00e9 vzbudil z\u00e1jem o jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. \u010cerven\u00e9 ketokarotenoidy jsou velice cen\u011bny v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed barviva. Nap\u0159\u00edklad um\u011bl\u00e1 verze astaxanthinu, \u010derven\u00e9ho pigmentu nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho se v o\u010d\u00edch n\u011bkter\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f, se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu, aby dal losos\u016fm chovan\u00fdm na farm\u00e1ch jejich r\u016f\u017eov\u00fd odst\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee pochopen\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu \u010derven\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed u pt\u00e1k\u016f by mohlo v\u00e9st k v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch a vylep\u0161en\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch barviv, co\u017e by d\u00e1le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto cenn\u00fdch pigment\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cerven\u00ed pt\u00e1ci: Symfonie p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u017div\u00e9 odst\u00edny \u010derven\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f jsou d\u016fkazem slo\u017eit\u00e9ho vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed genetiky, evoluce a ne\u00fanavn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Jejich pe\u0159\u00ed nen\u00ed pouze dekorativn\u00ed, ale slou\u017e\u00ed jako pl\u00e1tno, na kter\u00e9 je malov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jejich biologie. Od skryt\u00fdch hlubin jejich genetick\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a\u017e po oslnivou pod\u00edvanou jejich ope\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1s \u010derven\u00ed pt\u00e1ci okouzluj\u00ed svou kr\u00e1sou a tajemstv\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010cerven\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed je v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm jevem kv\u016fli jeho vysok\u00e9 viditelnosti a potenci\u00e1lu p\u0159il\u00e1kat pred\u00e1tory.<\/li>\n<li>Gen CYP2J19 je p\u0159\u00edtomen jak u druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f s \u010derven\u00fdm pe\u0159\u00edm, tak u druh\u016f s tlumen\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zbarven\u00edm, ale jeho aktivita je v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed u \u010derven\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee \u010dervenozob\u00ed zeb\u0159\u00ed p\u011bnkavy zkouman\u00ed v jednom z v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f nesou gen CYP2J19, zat\u00edmco p\u011bnkavy se \u017elut\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem gen postr\u00e1daly.<\/li>\n<li>Objev genu CYP2J19 otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 cesty pro v\u00fdzkum genetiky zbarven\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f a jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kde z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010derven\u00ed pt\u00e1ci sv\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 odst\u00edny Odhalen\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho tajemstv\u00ed V \u017eiv\u00e9 tapis\u00e9rii p\u0159\u00edrody vynikaj\u00ed \u010derven\u00ed pt\u00e1ci jako strhuj\u00edc\u00ed pod\u00edvan\u00e1. Jejich pe\u0159\u00ed se t\u0159pyt\u00ed nachov\u00fdm leskem, tajemstv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdce dlouho&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[23871,136,188,252,97,23872],"class_list":["post-18248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-red-birds","tag-evolution","tag-genetics","tag-nature","tag-science","tag-bird-coloration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18248"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18249,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18248\/revisions\/18249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}