{"id":18260,"date":"2022-08-26T05:03:23","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T05:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18260"},"modified":"2022-08-26T05:03:23","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T05:03:23","slug":"unraveling-the-mystery-of-ebolas-origins-the-first-2014-victim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/health-and-medicine\/unraveling-the-mystery-of-ebolas-origins-the-first-2014-victim\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u016fvod viru ebola: Z\u00e1hada prvn\u00ed ob\u011bti z roku 2014 odhalena"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u016fvod viru ebola: Z\u00e1hada prvn\u00ed ob\u011bti z roku 2014 odhalena<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho rezervo\u00e1ru<\/h3>\n\n<p>K prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 epidemii eboly do\u0161lo v roce 1976 a spustila n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodu t\u00e9to smrt\u00edc\u00ed nemoci. V\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho podez\u0159\u00edvali, \u017ee kalo\u0148ov\u00e9 hraj\u00ed roli p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho rezervo\u00e1ru viru ebola, ale definitivn\u00ed d\u016fkazy z\u016fst\u00e1valy neuchopiteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum p\u0159esunul pozornost na jin\u00fd druh netop\u00fdr\u016f: hladov\u00e9ho netop\u00fdra angolsk\u00e9ho s voln\u00fdm ocasem. P\u0159esto\u017ee bylo u t\u011bchto netop\u00fdr\u016f d\u0159\u00edve zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee maj\u00ed protil\u00e1tky proti viru ebola, v\u011bdci je zpo\u010d\u00e1tku odm\u00edtli jako p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010de kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00fdm hladin\u00e1m protil\u00e1tek a nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti samotn\u00e9ho viru.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spojen\u00ed s vesnic\u00ed v Guineji<\/h3>\n\n<p>Hypot\u00e9za spojuj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fdry angolsk\u00e9 s voln\u00fdm ocasem s virem ebola z\u00edskala na s\u00edle po d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed guinejsk\u00e9 vesnice, kde \u017eila prvn\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 epidemie eboly z roku 2014, Emile Ouamouno. Emile, batole, zem\u0159elo na p\u0159\u00edznaky podobn\u00e9 ebole v prosinci 2013.<\/p>\n\n<p>Vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 objevili velk\u00fd dut\u00fd strom pobl\u00ed\u017e Emilova domu, kter\u00fd ob\u00fdvala kolonie netop\u00fdr\u016f angolsk\u00fdch s voln\u00fdm ocasem. Vesni\u010dan\u00e9 uvedli, \u017ee d\u011bti, v\u010detn\u011b Emile, si \u010dasto hr\u00e1ly kolem stromu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee Emile mohl b\u00fdt vystaven viru prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm netop\u00fd\u0159\u00edch v\u00fdkal\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu s netop\u00fdry.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fkazy ze stromu s netop\u00fdry<\/h3>\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee byly netop\u00fd\u0159i z vesnice odchyceni, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z nich nebyl pozitivn\u011b testov\u00e1n na virus ebola. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee virus je v divok\u00fdch populac\u00edch netop\u00fdr\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fd. Tato vz\u00e1cnost m\u016f\u017ee vysv\u011btlovat, pro\u010d k vypuknut\u00ed eboly nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji, a to navzdory roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 konzumaci masa divok\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at v oblastech s endemick\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem eboly.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro zdrav\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pokud jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i angol\u0161t\u00ed s voln\u00fdm ocasem skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi hostiteli viru ebola, jejich zab\u00edjen\u00ed by nebylo \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Netop\u00fd\u0159i hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v regulaci populac\u00ed hmyzu, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed mal\u00e1rii. Vyhuben\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016f by mohlo m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro komunity \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v t\u011bchto oblastech.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci i nad\u00e1le odeb\u00edraj\u00ed vzorky zv\u00ed\u0159at v oblasti, aby identifikovali p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010de viru ebola. Pochopen\u00ed dynamiky p\u0159enosu viru ebola je nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch preventivn\u00edch a kontroln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ot\u00e1zky a \u00favahy<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jak\u00fd je p\u0159irozen\u00fd rezervo\u00e1r viru ebola?<\/strong> Netop\u00fdr angolsk\u00fd s voln\u00fdm ocasem je podez\u0159el\u00fd p\u0159irozen\u00fd rezervo\u00e1r viru ebola, ale k potvrzen\u00ed jeho role je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohou netop\u00fd\u0159i p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et virus ebola na \u010dlov\u011bka?<\/strong> Ano, netop\u00fd\u0159i mohou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et virus ebola na \u010dlov\u011bka prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch slin, mo\u010di nebo v\u00fdkal\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak za\u010dala epidemie eboly v roce 2014?<\/strong> P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee prvn\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 epidemie eboly v roce 2014 byla vystavena viru prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontaktu s netop\u00fdry angolsk\u00fdmi s voln\u00fdm ocasem pobl\u00ed\u017e sv\u00e9ho domova.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i angol\u0161t\u00ed s voln\u00fdm ocasem podez\u0159el\u00ed z p\u0159enosu viru ebola?<\/strong> Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee netop\u00fd\u0159i angol\u0161t\u00ed s voln\u00fdm ocasem maj\u00ed protil\u00e1tky proti viru ebola a s\u00eddl\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti lidsk\u00fdch s\u00eddel, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje riziko kontaktu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e1 jsou rizika zab\u00edjen\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et virus ebola?<\/strong> Zab\u00edjen\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016f by mohlo v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu p\u0159enosu mal\u00e1rie a dal\u0161\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm d\u016fsledk\u016fm v d\u016fsledku ztr\u00e1ty kontroly nad hmyzem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u016fvod viru ebola: Z\u00e1hada prvn\u00ed ob\u011bti z roku 2014 odhalena Hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho rezervo\u00e1ru K prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9 epidemii eboly do\u0161lo v roce 1976 a spustila n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodu t\u00e9to&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[463],"tags":[5916,23887,23888,3161,99,23886],"class_list":["post-18260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-and-medicine","tag-ebola","tag-emerging-diseases","tag-natural-reservoir","tag-bats","tag-lifescienceart","tag-zoonoses"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18260"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18261,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18260\/revisions\/18261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}