{"id":18329,"date":"2024-06-26T00:33:58","date_gmt":"2024-06-26T00:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18329"},"modified":"2024-06-26T00:33:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T00:33:58","slug":"uncovering-the-secrets-of-nature-s-wonders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/natural-history\/uncovering-the-secrets-of-nature-s-wonders\/","title":{"rendered":"Divok\u00e9 v\u011bci: Odhalujeme tajemstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch div\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Divok\u00e9 v\u011bci: Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch div\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Netop\u00fd\u0159\u00ed sign\u00e1l: Jak rostliny komunikuj\u00ed s opylova\u010di<\/h2>\n\n

Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 li\u00e1na z de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa Marcgravia evenia vyvinula jedine\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak p\u0159il\u00e1kat netop\u00fdry opyluj\u00edc\u00ed. Jej\u00ed vydut\u00e9 listy vis\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e kv\u011bt\u016f a odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed sonarov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 netop\u00fd\u0159i dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed snadno identifikovat. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee netop\u00fd\u0159i dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt krm\u00edtka skryt\u00e1 v um\u011bl\u00e9m listov\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e replik list\u016f r\u00e9vy dvakr\u00e1t rychleji, ne\u017e dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt krm\u00edtka pobl\u00ed\u017e ploch\u00fdch list\u016f. P\u0159esto\u017ee listy poskytuj\u00ed rostlin\u011b jen m\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 energie, p\u0159\u00ednosy p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed opylova\u010d\u016f p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n\n

\u017dij rychle, zem\u0159i mlad\u00fd: Cena extravaganc\u00ed u drop\u016f hougoun\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Aby samci drop\u016f hougoun\u016f zap\u016fsobili na sami\u010dky, p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed propracovan\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 mohou trvat a\u017e 18 hodin denn\u011b po dobu p\u016fl roku. A\u010dkoli tyto ritu\u00e1ly zlep\u0161uj\u00ed kvalitu spermi\u00ed u mlad\u00fdch samc\u016f, maj\u00ed svou cenu. Po \u0161esti letech vykazuj\u00ed ok\u00e1zal\u00ed samci v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch spermi\u00ed ne\u017e jejich m\u00e9n\u011b ok\u00e1zal\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ci.<\/p>\n\n

Byly mo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ery miluj\u00edc\u00ed matky?<\/h2>\n\n

Plesiosau\u0159i, mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed plazi, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v obdob\u00ed mesozoika, mohli b\u00fdt p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed rodi\u010de. Anal\u00fdza 78 milion\u016f let star\u00e9 fos\u00edlie b\u0159ez\u00edho plesiosaura odhaluje, \u017ee rodily jedin\u00e1, ob\u0159\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fata. To spolu s podobnostmi se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi velrybami a plazy, kte\u0159\u00ed se staraj\u00ed o sv\u00e9 potomky, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee plesiosau\u0159i se mohli tak\u00e9 pod\u00edlet na spole\u010densk\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010di o potomky.<\/p>\n\n

Spravedliv\u00fd obchod: Symbi\u00f3za mezi rostlinami a houbami<\/h2>\n\n

Rostliny a houby tvo\u0159\u00ed klasick\u00fd symbiotick\u00fd vztah. Rostliny poskytuj\u00ed houb\u00e1m uhlohydr\u00e1ty, zat\u00edmco houby poskytuj\u00ed rostlin\u00e1m fosfor a dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eiviny. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee houby zvy\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdstup \u017eivin do ko\u0159en\u016f, kter\u00e9 je nejv\u00edce krm\u00ed, zat\u00edmco rostliny odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 houby v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1sobami uhlohydr\u00e1t\u016f. Tato vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed obou organism\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Pozorovan\u00e1 rodina va\u010dic Didelphidae<\/h2>\n\n

Va\u010dice jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zm\u011bnili na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vztah\u016f mezi pred\u00e1tory a ko\u0159ist\u00ed. Po mnoho let se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee had\u00ed jed se vyvinul rychle v reakci na adaptace, kter\u00e9 ko\u0159ist vyvinula, aby jed odolala. Nov\u00e1 studie v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jed se vyv\u00edj\u00ed v reakci na pred\u00e1tory, jako jsou va\u010dice. Zm\u011bny v genu va\u010dice spojen\u00e9m s odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di jedu nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se jed ch\u0159est\u00fd\u0161ovit\u00fdch m\u011bn\u00ed, aby si udr\u017eel svou \u00fa\u010dinnost proti obran\u011b va\u010dic.<\/p>\n\n

Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch div\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Od slo\u017eit\u00e9 komunikace mezi rostlinami a opylova\u010di a\u017e po slo\u017eit\u00e9 vztahy mezi pred\u00e1tory a ko\u0159ist\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed sv\u011bt pln\u00fd fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch a neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch jev\u016f. Studiem t\u011bchto div\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me hlub\u0161\u00ed ocen\u011bn\u00ed pro propojenost a odolnost \u017eivota na Zemi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Divok\u00e9 v\u011bci: Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch div\u016f Netop\u00fd\u0159\u00ed sign\u00e1l: Jak rostliny komunikuj\u00ed s opylova\u010di Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 li\u00e1na z de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa Marcgravia evenia vyvinula jedine\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak p\u0159il\u00e1kat netop\u00fdry opyluj\u00edc\u00ed. Jej\u00ed vydut\u00e9 listy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23744,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[395,254,136,252,8903,8558,18225],"class_list":["post-18329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-biodiversity","tag-wildlife","tag-evolution","tag-nature","tag-plants","tag-symbiosis","tag-animals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18329"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18330,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18329\/revisions\/18330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}