Sd\u00edlen\u00ed je chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1no za v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b lidsk\u00e9. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee i bonobov\u00e9, na\u0161i nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed z \u0159ad prim\u00e1t\u016f, vykazuj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 se sd\u00edlen\u00edm potravy. Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, proto\u017ee nazna\u010duje, \u017ee altruismus, \u010din pomoci druh\u00fdm bez jak\u00e9koli p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 v\u00fdhody pro sebe sama, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b lidskou vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Bonobov\u00e9 jsou druh lidoopa poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z povod\u00ed \u0159eky Kongo ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Africe. Jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed svou m\u00edrumilovnou a spolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed povahou a bylo pozorov\u00e1no, \u017ee p\u0159i mnoha p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech sd\u00edleli potravu mezi sebou.<\/p>\n\n
V jedn\u00e9 studii v\u011bdci um\u00edstili jednoho bonoba do m\u00edstnosti s trochou j\u00eddla. Bonobo si pak mohlo zvolit, zda sn\u00ed celou potravu samo, nebo pust\u00ed do m\u00edstnosti dal\u0161\u00edho bonoba ze sousedn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti a bude s n\u00edm potravu sd\u00edlet. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se bonobov\u00e9 rozhodli sd\u00edlet svou potravu.<\/p>\n\n
Existuje n\u011bkolik mo\u017en\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d bonobov\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed potravu. Jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed je, \u017ee to d\u011blaj\u00ed, aby v budoucnu z\u00edskali laskavosti od p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f. Tomu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd altruismus.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je, \u017ee bonobov\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed potravu z d\u016fvodu hlub\u0161\u00ed altruistick\u00e9 motivace. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed druh\u00fdm bez jak\u00e9koli o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u011bny. Tento typ chov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u010dasto pozorov\u00e1n u lid\u00ed a m\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee jde o jeden ze z\u00e1klad\u016f lidsk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed provedli studii o sd\u00edlen\u00ed potravy bonob\u016f, se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee altruismus hraje v tomto chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou roli. Zjistili, \u017ee bonobov\u00e9 byli ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sd\u00edlet potravu s jedinci, se kter\u00fdmi ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve potravu sd\u00edleli, a \u017ee byli tak\u00e9 ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sd\u00edlet potravu s jedinci, se kter\u00fdmi nebyli p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee bonobov\u00e9 nesd\u00edlej\u00ed potravu jen proto, aby na opl\u00e1tku n\u011bco dostali, ale \u017ee jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e skute\u010dn\u011b motivov\u00e1ni k pomoci druh\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n
Objev sd\u00edlen\u00ed potravy u bonob\u016f m\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee altruismus se mohl vyvinout dlouho p\u0159ed vznikem \u010dlov\u011bka a \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed prim\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Bonobov\u00e9 jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1s mohou nau\u010dit mnoho o n\u00e1s sam\u00fdch. Jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 se sd\u00edlen\u00edm potravy je d\u016fkazem jejich inteligence, jejich spolupr\u00e1ce a jejich schopnosti altruismu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bonobov\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed potravy a altruismus \u00davod Sd\u00edlen\u00ed je chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je \u010dasto pova\u017eov\u00e1no za v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b lidsk\u00e9. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee i bonobov\u00e9, na\u0161i nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed z \u0159ad prim\u00e1t\u016f, vykazuj\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23937,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[7211,23994,309,1591,22089],"class_list":["post-18356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-altruism","tag-bonobos","tag-animal-behavior","tag-primatology","tag-food-sharing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18356"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18357,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18356\/revisions\/18357"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23937"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}