V\u00fdvoj vakc\u00edny proti mal\u00e1rii byl zdlouhavou cestou kv\u016fli komplexnosti malarick\u00e9ho parazita. Parazit m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus a dok\u00e1\u017ee se vyhnout imunitn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu. Ran\u00e9 pokusy o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vakc\u00edny zalo\u017een\u00e9 na proteinu circumsporozoitu selhaly, ale RTS,S se uk\u00e1zala jako slibn\u00fd kandid\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu v\u00fdvoj RTS,S \u010delil v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m. Nebyla dostate\u010dn\u00e1 nal\u00e9havost a financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu mal\u00e1rie, proto\u017ee postihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chud\u00e9 oblasti Afriky. Arm\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 zpo\u010d\u00e1tku projevila z\u00e1jem o vakc\u00ednu, pozd\u011bji svou podporu st\u00e1hla.<\/p>\n\n
Testov\u00e1n\u00ed vakc\u00edny v africk\u00fdch zem\u00edch se uk\u00e1zalo jako n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. V\u011bdci \u010delili logistick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako bylo z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed laborato\u0159\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed test\u016f u mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Proces trval d\u00e9le ne\u017e 10 let.<\/p>\n\n
Studie f\u00e1ze III uk\u00e1zaly slibn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, ale obavy z meningitidy a \u00famrt\u00ed u o\u010dkovan\u00fdch d\u00edvek vedly WHO k po\u017eadavku na rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed studii. To vedlo ke \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9mu zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm ve v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Po p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f z roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 studie WHO nakonec v roce 2021 doporu\u010dila vakc\u00ednu RTS,S pro \u0161irok\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed. GAVI, glob\u00e1ln\u00ed agentura pro distribuci vakc\u00edn, ozn\u00e1mila investici ve v\u00fd\u0161i 155,7 milionu USD na zaveden\u00ed vakc\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n
Rychl\u00fd v\u00fdvoj vakc\u00edn proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19 vyvolal ot\u00e1zky, pro\u010d vakc\u00edna proti mal\u00e1rii trvala tak dlouho. Odborn\u00edci poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee mal\u00e1rie je pro vakc\u00ednu obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem a \u017ee ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost vakc\u00edny RTS,S mohla proces zpomalit. Krom\u011b toho st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed antimalarika sn\u00ed\u017eila vn\u00edmanou nal\u00e9havost vakc\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n
Nerovnosti ve financov\u00e1n\u00ed a pozornosti v\u011bnovan\u00e9 mal\u00e1rii a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19 zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 modely zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postihuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zem\u011b s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. Financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu vakc\u00edny proti mal\u00e1rii kles\u00e1, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje riziko pro zaveden\u00ed vakc\u00edny RTS,S.<\/p>\n\n
Vakc\u00edna RTS,S otev\u0159ela cestu vakc\u00edn\u00e1m proti mal\u00e1rii nov\u00e9 generace. Vakc\u00edna R21 Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity vykazuje slibn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ve studi\u00edch f\u00e1ze II. Spole\u010dnost BioNTech, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za vakc\u00ednou mRNA proti onemocn\u011bn\u00ed COVID-19, vyv\u00edj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vakc\u00ednu proti mal\u00e1rii vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed stejnou technologii.<\/p>\n\n
Odborn\u00edci jsou optimisti\u010dt\u00ed, \u017ee budouc\u00ed vakc\u00edny proti mal\u00e1rii budou vyvinuty rychleji a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji. Pokrok v technologii mRNA a dal\u0161\u00ed inovace by mohly v\u00e9st k pr\u016flomov\u00fdm objev\u016fm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Malarick\u00e1 vakc\u00edna: Dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd pr\u016flom V\u00fdzvy v\u00fdvoje V\u00fdvoj vakc\u00edny proti mal\u00e1rii byl zdlouhavou cestou kv\u016fli komplexnosti malarick\u00e9ho parazita. Parazit m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus a dok\u00e1\u017ee se vyhnout imunitn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu. Ran\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[463],"tags":[2133,3370,3706,2862,2049],"class_list":["post-18395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-and-medicine","tag-global-health","tag-medical-breakthrough","tag-malaria","tag-vaccine","tag-scientific-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18395"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18396,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18395\/revisions\/18396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}