{"id":18421,"date":"2019-02-05T22:45:36","date_gmt":"2019-02-05T22:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18421"},"modified":"2019-02-05T22:45:36","modified_gmt":"2019-02-05T22:45:36","slug":"treeline-advance-in-a-changing-arctic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/treeline-advance-in-a-changing-arctic\/","title":{"rendered":"Postup hranice lesa v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se Arktid\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Postup hranice lesa v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se Arktid\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Zm\u011bna klimatu a postup hranice lesa<\/h2>\n\n

Jak se Arktida otepluje v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu, v\u011bdci pozoruj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v hranici lesa, co\u017e je hranice, za kterou stromy nemohou r\u016fst. Ve poho\u0159\u00ed Brooks Range na Alja\u0161ce v\u011bdci studuj\u00ed, jak teplota a sucho ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed postup hranice lesa.<\/p>\n\n

Omezen\u00ed \u017eivin a postup hranice lesa<\/h2>\n\n

Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti poho\u0159\u00ed Brooks Range m\u016f\u017ee t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu a omezen\u00ed \u017eivin zpomalovat postup hranice lesa. Permafrost, zmrzl\u00e1 p\u016fda, kter\u00e1 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zmrzl\u00e1 po dobu del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dva po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed roky, obsahuje \u017eiviny, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro r\u016fst rostlin. Jak permafrost taje, tyto \u017eiviny se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech proces t\u00e1n\u00ed pohlcuje teplo, kter\u00e9 by jinak stimulovalo mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivitu a produkci \u017eivin. Tento nedostatek \u017eivin m\u016f\u017ee omezovat r\u016fst strom\u016f ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti poho\u0159\u00ed Brooks Range.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu a tvorba termokarstu<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuje vznik termokarstu, co\u017e je n\u00e1hl\u00fd propad p\u016fdy v d\u016fsledku t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu bohat\u00e9ho na led. Termokarstov\u00e9 \u00fatvary mohou uvol\u0148ovat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku do atmosf\u00e9ry a vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b pro rostliny a \u017eivo\u010dichy.<\/p>\n\n

Uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku z t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu<\/h2>\n\n

Permafrost obsahuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku, v\u00edce ne\u017e v\u0161echny sv\u011btov\u00e9 stromy dohromady. Jak permafrost taje, tento uhl\u00edk se uvol\u0148uje do atmosf\u00e9ry a d\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu. V\u011bdci st\u00e1le pracuj\u00ed na pochopen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 rychlosti uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku z t\u00e1n\u00ed permafrostu, ale odhaduje se, \u017ee je zna\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00e9 m\u00edry postupu hranice lesa<\/h2>\n\n

Aby v\u011bdci pochopili, jak se postup hranice lesa m\u011bn\u00ed, porovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed minul\u00e9 a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 sn\u00edmky. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm historick\u00fdch rychlost\u00ed postupu mohou ur\u010dit, zda je sou\u010dasn\u00e1 rychlost neobvykl\u00e1 nebo zda je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9ho trendu.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u016fzkumy Arktidy ekologem Romanem Dialem<\/h2>\n\n

Ekolog Roman Dial str\u00e1vil des\u00edtky let zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm arktick\u00e9 divo\u010diny a na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di pozoroval zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bj\u00ed. Byl sv\u011bdkem mizen\u00ed jezer a vzniku nov\u00fdch termokarstov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f. Dialova pr\u00e1ce pomohla zv\u00fd\u0161it pov\u011bdom\u00ed o dopadech zm\u011bny klimatu na Arktidu.<\/p>\n\n

Role pt\u00e1k\u016f a divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n

Jak se arktick\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m m\u011bn\u00ed, m\u011bn\u00ed se tak\u00e9 populace pt\u00e1k\u016f a divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e. Dial zaznamenal pokles populac\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edch. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se setkal s nov\u00fdmi druhy, kter\u00e9 se st\u011bhuj\u00ed do Arktidy, jak se klima otepluje.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost postupu hranice lesa<\/h2>\n\n

Budoucnost postupu hranice lesa v Arktid\u011b je nejist\u00e1. V\u011bdci st\u00e1le pracuj\u00ed na pochopen\u00ed komplexn\u00edch interakc\u00ed mezi zm\u011bnou klimatu, t\u00e1n\u00edm permafrostu, omezen\u00edm \u017eivin a dal\u0161\u00edmi faktory. Je v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se Arktida rychle m\u011bn\u00ed a tyto zm\u011bny maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na ekosyst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu a spolupr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n

Studium postupu hranice lesa v Arktid\u011b je slo\u017eit\u00fd a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol. Vy\u017eaduje spolupr\u00e1ci mezi v\u011bdci z r\u016fzn\u00fdch obor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ekologie, klimatologie a geologie. Spoluprac\u00ed mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch a jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch dopadech na Arktidu i mimo ni.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy a odm\u011bny studia vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch a m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Studium vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch a m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako je Arktida, p\u0159edstavuje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. V\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci se mus\u00ed pot\u00fdkat s extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami, obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem a omezen\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k z\u00e1sob\u00e1m. Odm\u011bny za tuto pr\u00e1ci jsou v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 velk\u00e9. Studiem t\u011bchto prost\u0159ed\u00ed mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat cenn\u00e9 poznatky o dopadech zm\u011bny klimatu a pomoci informovat strategie ochrany a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Postup hranice lesa v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se Arktid\u011b Zm\u011bna klimatu a postup hranice lesa Jak se Arktida otepluje v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu, v\u011bdci pozoruj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v hranici lesa, co\u017e je…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[1354,219,24089,24087,24088,34],"class_list":["post-18421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-arctic","tag-ecology","tag-nutrient-limitations","tag-treeline-advance","tag-permafrost-thaw","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18421"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18422,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18421\/revisions\/18422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18421"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}