{"id":18445,"date":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18445"},"modified":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T20:06:03","slug":"the-heart-balm-racket-how-women-were-blamed-for-broken-engagements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/relationships\/the-heart-balm-racket-how-women-were-blamed-for-broken-engagements\/","title":{"rendered":"The Heart Balm Racket: Jak byly \u017eeny obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ny z rozchod\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Srdcervouc\u00ed podvod: Jak byly \u017eeny obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ny z rozchod\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Z\u00e1kon o poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu<\/h2>\n\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148oval z\u00e1kon nazvan\u00fd \u201eporu\u0161en\u00ed slibu\u201c lidem \u017ealovat sv\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 snoubence, pokud zru\u0161ili zasnouben\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1kon vych\u00e1zel z p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee zasnouben\u00ed bylo z\u00e1vaznou smlouvou a \u017ee jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed bez souhlasu druh\u00e9 osoby bylo pr\u00e1vn\u00edm deliktem.<\/p>\n\n

Srdcervouc\u00ed podvod<\/h2>\n\n

Jak senza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o \u017een\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 \u017ealovaly mu\u017ee za poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu, zapl\u0148ovaly titulky, ve\u0159ejnost byla st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dov\u00e1na, \u017ee bezohledn\u00e9 \u017eeny vyu\u017e\u00edvaly z\u00e1kon k vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed bohat\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f. Tyto \u017eeny byly ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako \u201ezlatokopky\u201c, \u201eintrik\u00e1nky\u201c a \u201edobrodru\u017eky\u201c. M\u00e9dia hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli v podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to paranoie, kdy\u017e vykreslovala \u017eeny jako manipulativn\u00ed a mu\u017ee jako d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00e9 ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n

M\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se role \u017een<\/h2>\n\n

V t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo man\u017eelstv\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako zp\u016fsob, jak \u017eeny mohou z\u00edskat finan\u010dn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Av\u0161ak jak se role \u017een za\u010daly m\u011bnit a z\u00edskaly v\u00edce p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, stala se my\u0161lenka, \u017ee rozchod m\u016f\u017ee zni\u010dit \u017eivot \u017eeny, m\u00e9n\u011b v\u011brohodnou.<\/p>\n\n

Zru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o srdcervouc\u00edm podvodu<\/h2>\n\n

Ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010dal rostouc\u00ed po\u010det lid\u00ed zpochyb\u0148ovat spravedlnost z\u00e1kona o poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu. Kritici tvrdili, \u017ee je zastaral\u00fd a \u017ee diskriminuje \u017eeny, kdy\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee nejsou schopn\u00e9 postarat se o sebe samy. V roce 1935 p\u0159edlo\u017eila mlad\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rkyn\u011b jm\u00e9nem Roberta West Nicholsonov\u00e1 n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o zru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona v Indian\u011b. Ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty rychle n\u00e1sledovaly a do roku 1945 zru\u0161ilo z\u00e1kon o poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu 16 st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed srdcervouc\u00edho podvodu<\/h2>\n\n

Protesty proti podvodu se srdceryvn\u00fdm podvodem se net\u00fdkaly pouze ochrany mu\u017e\u016f p\u0159ed vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm. \u0160lo tak\u00e9 o zm\u011bnu postoj\u016f v\u016f\u010di \u017een\u00e1m a man\u017eelstv\u00ed. Zru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona odr\u00e1\u017eelo rostouc\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eeny byly schopny \u010dinit vlastn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed a nepot\u0159ebovaly z\u00e1kon, aby je chr\u00e1nil.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00e9dia hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli jak v podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak v ukon\u010den\u00ed podvodu se srdceryvn\u00fdmi podvody. Senza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o \u017een\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 \u017ealovaly mu\u017ee za poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu, vytvo\u0159ily atmosf\u00e9ru strachu a ned\u016fv\u011bry. Jak se v\u0161ak ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed za\u010dalo m\u011bnit, hr\u00e1la m\u00e9dia tak\u00e9 roli ve zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o nespravedlnosti z\u00e1kona a v obhajob\u011b jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

M\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povaha man\u017eelstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Srdcervouc\u00ed podvod tak\u00e9 upozornil na m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povahu man\u017eelstv\u00ed. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed bylo man\u017eelstv\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako zp\u016fsob, jak \u017eeny mohou z\u00edskat finan\u010dn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Ale jak se role \u017een za\u010daly m\u011bnit, stalo se man\u017eelstv\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ekonomickou nutnost\u00ed a v\u00edce ot\u00e1zkou partnerstv\u00ed a l\u00e1sky. Tato zm\u011bna postoj\u016f p\u0159isp\u011bla k \u00fapadku z\u00e1kona o poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu, proto\u017ee se stalo m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 \u017ealovat n\u011bkoho za zru\u0161en\u00ed zasnouben\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nebylo zalo\u017eeno na finan\u010dn\u00edch \u00favah\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Roberta West Nicholsonov\u00e1: Bojovnice za pr\u00e1va \u017een<\/h2>\n\n

Roberta West Nicholsonov\u00e1 byla pr\u016fkopnic\u00ed v boji za zru\u0161en\u00ed podvodu se srdcervouc\u00edm podvodem. P\u0159edlo\u017eila prvn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o zru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona v Indian\u011b v roce 1935 a jej\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed pomohlo p\u0159ipravit p\u016fdu pro jeho p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b st\u00e1t\u016f. Nicholsonov\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed jako bojovnice za pr\u00e1va \u017een nad\u00e1le inspiruje aktivisty dodnes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Srdcervouc\u00ed podvod: Jak byly \u017eeny obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ny z rozchod\u016f Z\u00e1kon o poru\u0161en\u00ed slibu Po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148oval z\u00e1kon nazvan\u00fd \u201eporu\u0161en\u00ed slibu\u201c lidem \u017ealovat sv\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 snoubence, pokud zru\u0161ili zasnouben\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1kon…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1803],"tags":[169,19311,2260,24121,19309,3633,6023],"class_list":["post-18445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-relationships","tag-womens-history","tag-love-and-law","tag-marriage","tag-heart-balm-racket","tag-breach-of-promise","tag-legal-history","tag-gender-roles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18445"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18446,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18445\/revisions\/18446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}