P\u0159ed vznikem knih byly znalosti uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na svitc\u00edch. Svitky byly dlouh\u00e9, souvisl\u00e9 listy papyru nebo pergamenu, kter\u00e9 se pro snadn\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravu srolovaly. K podpo\u0159e hrom\u00e1dek svitk\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edvaly police, ale neexistoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd standardizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m organizace.<\/p>\n\n
Jak knihy postupn\u011b nahrazovaly svitky, byly zapot\u0159eb\u00ed nov\u00e9 metody uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a organizace. Prvn\u00ed knihy s ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi h\u0159bety se objevily kolem roku 1535 a tato inovace zp\u016fsobila revoluci ve zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm byly knihy ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny. S n\u00e1zvem knihy jasn\u011b uveden\u00fdm na h\u0159betu bylo nyn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 knihy snadno identifikovat a uspo\u0159\u00e1dat v logick\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila jako nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed ekvivalent ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch knihoven, byly knihy \u010dasto p\u0159ipout\u00e1ny ke \u0161ikm\u00fdm stol\u016fm nebo pult\u016fm. Tato praxe zaji\u0161\u0165ovala, \u017ee cenn\u00e9 a vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 knihy nebudou odcizeny nebo ztraceny. P\u0159ipout\u00e1n\u00ed knih v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 znesnad\u0148ovalo prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011br konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch d\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n
Aby vyhov\u011bli rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu knih a omezen\u00e9mu prostoru ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch knihovn\u00e1ch, za\u010dali mni\u0161i stohovat knihy na police se skryt\u00fdmi h\u0159bety. Tato metoda uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161et\u0159ila m\u00edsto a zabra\u0148ovala po\u0161kozen\u00ed h\u0159bet\u016f. K identifikaci knih byly n\u011bkdy na tlou\u0161\u0165ku str\u00e1nek kresleny identifika\u010dn\u00ed vzory.<\/p>\n\n
S p\u0159\u00edchodem knihtisku se knihy staly dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a m\u00e9n\u011b hodnotn\u00fdmi. To vedlo k p\u0159echodu na standardizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed knih. Knihy se nyn\u00ed obvykle ukl\u00e1daly svisle s h\u0159betem sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm ven pro snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed identifikaci. Tato praxe z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed normou.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es dominanci vertik\u00e1ln\u00edch reg\u00e1l\u016f s knihami s h\u0159betem ven existuj\u00ed st\u00e1le alternativn\u00ed metody organizace knih, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost horizont\u00e1ln\u00edmu stohov\u00e1n\u00ed knih, proto\u017ee to umo\u017e\u0148uje ulo\u017eit v\u00edce knih na men\u0161\u00edm prostoru. Jin\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed knihy p\u0159edn\u00edm o\u0159ezem ven, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e str\u00e1nky sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed ven, aby vytvo\u0159ili vizu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ita\u017elivou prezentaci.<\/p>\n\n
H\u0159bety knih se vyv\u00edjely nejen jako funk\u010dn\u00ed prvek k identifikaci a organizaci, ale tak\u00e9 jako estetick\u00fd prvek. V minulosti byly h\u0159bety knih \u010dasto zdobeny zlat\u00fdmi listy, reli\u00e9fy a dal\u0161\u00edmi ozdobami. I dnes hraj\u00ed h\u0159bety knih roli v celkov\u00e9m designu a p\u0159ita\u017elivosti knihy.<\/p>\n\n
Historie uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed knih je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed cestou, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povahu znalost\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj technologi\u00ed. Od neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch hrom\u00e1dek svitk\u016f a\u017e po standardizovan\u00e9 police modern\u00edch knihoven se zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm knihy uchov\u00e1v\u00e1me a organizujeme, neust\u00e1le p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje na\u0161im pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a preferenc\u00edm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00fdvoj uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed knih: Od svitk\u016f ke h\u0159bet\u016fm Ran\u00e9 uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed knih: \u00c9ra svitk\u016f P\u0159ed vznikem knih byly znalosti uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na svitc\u00edch. Svitky byly dlouh\u00e9, souvisl\u00e9 listy papyru nebo pergamenu, kter\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24213],"tags":[24212,15452,24210,11754,24211],"class_list":["post-18535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-library-and-information-science","tag-library-science","tag-book-history","tag-book-organization","tag-book-storage","tag-evolution-of-books"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18535"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18536,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18535\/revisions\/18536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}