{"id":18578,"date":"2021-02-14T11:04:35","date_gmt":"2021-02-14T11:04:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18578"},"modified":"2021-02-14T11:04:35","modified_gmt":"2021-02-14T11:04:35","slug":"sea-lampreys-threat-to-great-lakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology\/sea-lampreys-threat-to-great-lakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule: Trval\u00e1 hrozba pro Velk\u00e1 jezera"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule: Trval\u00e1 hrozba pro Velk\u00e1 jezera<\/h2>\n\n

Invazivn\u00ed up\u00ed\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n

Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule, parazitick\u00e9 ryby p\u016fvodem z Atlantsk\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, se staly v\u00fdznamnou hrozbou pro ekosyst\u00e9m Velk\u00fdch jezer. Poprv\u00e9 byly do jezer zavle\u010deny v 19. stolet\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159epravn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f a od t\u00e9 doby se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n

Ni\u010div\u00e9 dopady<\/h2>\n\n

Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule se p\u0159is\u00e1vaj\u00ed k ryb\u00e1m pomoc\u00ed \u00fast s p\u0159\u00edsavkou a \u0161kr\u00e1bou jim maso ostr\u00fdmi jazyky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se \u017eiv\u00ed jejich krv\u00ed a t\u011bln\u00edmi tekutinami. Jedin\u00e1 mo\u0159sk\u00e1 mihule dok\u00e1\u017ee zab\u00edt a\u017e 40 liber ryb ro\u010dn\u011b. Jejich nenasytn\u00e9 stravovac\u00ed n\u00e1vyky zdevastovaly populace ryb ve Velk\u00fdch jezerech, zejm\u00e9na pstruh\u016f a s\u00edh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy v regulaci populace<\/h2>\n\n

Od roku 1958 zavedla Komise pro rybolov Velk\u00fdch jezer specializovan\u00fd kontroln\u00ed program k pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed populace mo\u0159sk\u00fdch mihul\u00ed. Lampiricid, pesticid speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd k c\u00edlen\u00ed na larvy mo\u0159sk\u00fdch mihul\u00ed, byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n spole\u010dn\u011b s pastmi a bari\u00e9rami ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jejich po\u010dtu. Toto \u00fasil\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eilo populaci mo\u0159sk\u00fdch mihul\u00ed o 90\u201395 % v povod\u00ed Velk\u00fdch jezer.<\/p>\n\n

Naru\u0161en\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 covidem-19<\/h2>\n\n

Cestovn\u00ed omezen\u00ed b\u011bhem pandemie covidu-19 br\u00e1nila v aplikaci lampiricidu a dal\u0161\u00edch kontroln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo k o\u017eiven\u00ed populace mo\u0159sk\u00fdch mihul\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1r\u016fst se projevil v roce 2022 kv\u016fli dvoulet\u00e9mu zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v reproduk\u010dn\u00edm cyklu zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed v regulaci<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje covid-19, obnovila Komise pro rybolov Velk\u00fdch jezer sv\u016fj agresivn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed program v letech 2022 a 2023. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee ned\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst populace byl do\u010dasnou odchylkou a \u017ee kontroln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed budou nad\u00e1le dr\u017eet populaci mo\u0159sk\u00fdch mihul\u00ed pod kontrolou.<\/p>\n\n

Ekologick\u00e1 role v p\u016fvodn\u00edm are\u00e1lu<\/h2>\n\n

Ve sv\u00e9m p\u016fvodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed v Atlantsk\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu hraj\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule prosp\u011b\u0161nou roli jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 druhy a ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i. Podporuj\u00ed jak vodn\u00ed, tak suchozemsk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my t\u00edm, \u017ee poskytuj\u00ed potravu jin\u00fdm tvor\u016fm a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed m\u00edsta t\u0159en\u00ed pro ryby. Jejich larvy tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed udr\u017eovat kvalitu vody.<\/p>\n\n

Evolu\u010dn\u00ed odolnost<\/h2>\n\n

Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule existuj\u00ed na Zemi v\u00edce ne\u017e 340 milion\u016f let a p\u0159e\u017eily \u010dty\u0159i velk\u00e9 vyhynut\u00ed. Z\u016fstaly do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nezm\u011bn\u011bny od doby, kdy se vyvinuly, co\u017e dokazuje jejich pozoruhodnou evolu\u010dn\u00ed odolnost.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed ve Velk\u00fdch jezerech<\/h2>\n\n

Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule byly poprv\u00e9 zdokumentov\u00e1ny ve Velk\u00fdch jezerech v roce 1835 v jeze\u0159e Ontario. Niagarsk\u00e9 vodop\u00e1dy p\u016fvodn\u011b slou\u017eily jako p\u0159irozen\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra pro jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, ale vylep\u0161en\u00ed Wellandsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fplavu v roce 1938 jim umo\u017enilo obej\u00edt vodop\u00e1dy a napadnout cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m. V 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed zni\u010dily mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule lov pstruh\u016f v horn\u00edch Velk\u00fdch jezerech a sn\u00ed\u017eily \u00falovek jezern\u00edch pstruh\u016f z 15 milion\u016f liber na pouh\u00fd p\u016fl milionu liber.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 dopady<\/h2>\n\n

Pokles populace ryb kv\u016fli mo\u0159sk\u00fdm mihul\u00edm m\u011bl v\u00fdznamn\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd dopad na ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl Velk\u00fdch jezer. Obnova rybolovu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontroln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed vedla k o\u017eiven\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 ekonomiky, co\u017e p\u0159ineslo v\u00fdhody jak komer\u010dn\u00edm, tak rekrea\u010dn\u00edm ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed ostra\u017eitost<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee Komise pro rybolov Velk\u00fdch jezer dos\u00e1hla zna\u010dn\u00e9ho pokroku v regulaci populace mo\u0159sk\u00fdch mihul\u00ed, je nezbytn\u00e1 pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed ostra\u017eitost, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo budouc\u00edm propuknut\u00edm. Komise se zavazuje sledovat populaci a podle pot\u0159eby zav\u00e1d\u011bt adaptivn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu ekosyst\u00e9mu Velk\u00fdch jezer a jeho hodnotn\u00fdch ryb\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule: Trval\u00e1 hrozba pro Velk\u00e1 jezera Invazivn\u00ed up\u00ed\u0159i Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 mihule, parazitick\u00e9 ryby p\u016fvodem z Atlantsk\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, se staly v\u00fdznamnou hrozbou pro ekosyst\u00e9m Velk\u00fdch jezer. Poprv\u00e9 byly do jezer zavle\u010deny…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[845,16080,286,24265,2164],"class_list":["post-18578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology","tag-ecosystem-impacts","tag-fisheries-management","tag-invasive-species","tag-sea-lampreys","tag-great-lakes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18578"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18579,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18578\/revisions\/18579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}