{"id":18584,"date":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18584"},"modified":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T01:53:26","slug":"trailblazing-black-women-in-the-us-navy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/trailblazing-black-women-in-the-us-navy\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 \u010derno\u0161ky v americk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010cerno\u0161sk\u00e9 \u017eeny pr\u016fkopnice v americk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu<\/h2>\n\n

Ran\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed WAVES<\/h2>\n\n

B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byly \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 \u017eeny zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vylou\u010deny z programu Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval \u017een\u00e1m slou\u017eit v nebojov\u00fdch rol\u00edch v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. D\u00edky obhajob\u011b \u0159editelky WAVES Mildred McAfee a aktivistky Mary McLeod Bethune v\u0161ak bylo \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m nakonec povoleno p\u0159ipojit se k programu koncem roku 1944.<\/p>\n\n

Prvn\u00ed afroamerick\u00e9 d\u016fstojnice<\/h2>\n\n

Dne 21. prosince 1944 se Harriet Ida Pickens a Frances Eliza Wills staly prvn\u00edmi afroamerick\u00fdmi \u017eenami, kter\u00e9 byly jmenov\u00e1ny d\u016fstojnicemi v americk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. Jejich historick\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch znamenal v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v boji za rovnost v arm\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch \u017een ve WAVES<\/h2>\n\n

\u010cerno\u0161sk\u00e9 \u017eeny ve WAVES slou\u017eily v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le rol\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1boru nov\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f, p\u00e9\u010de o zran\u011bn\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky a \u00fa\u010dasti na fyzick\u00e9m v\u00fdcviku. Pracovaly tak\u00e9 jako leteck\u00e9 dispe\u010derky, tlumo\u010dnice, pr\u00e1vni\u010dky, zdravotnice, peka\u0159ky, kur\u00fdrky, kresli\u010dky, kryptografky a meteorolo\u017eky.<\/p>\n\n

Geografick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed a boj za rovnost<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee mohly slou\u017eit v mnoha oblastech, WAVES \u010delily geografick\u00fdm omezen\u00edm. Sm\u011bly slou\u017eit pouze na kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti USA a nesm\u011bly slou\u017eit na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00edch nebo v letadlech. Toto omezen\u00ed zd\u016fraznilo prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed boj za rovnost v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek a povy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v hodnostech<\/h2>\n\n

\u017deny v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu i nad\u00e1le \u010delily p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m v povy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a hodnosti gener\u00e1la a admir\u00e1la pro n\u011b z\u016fstaly uzav\u0159eny a\u017e do roku 1967. Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 \u017eeny jako admir\u00e1lka Michelle J. Howard v\u0161ak tyto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky prolomily a ona se stala prvn\u00ed \u017eenou v historii n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva, kter\u00e1 v roce 2014 dos\u00e1hla hodnosti \u010dty\u0159hv\u011bzdi\u010dkov\u00e9ho admir\u00e1la.<\/p>\n\n

Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch \u017een v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed archiv uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 poklad fotografi\u00ed a dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch \u017een v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. Tyto archivy hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich d\u011bdictv\u00ed a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby jejich p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky nebyly zapomenuty.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch \u017een v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu<\/h2>\n\n

Pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 \u017eeny ve WAVES vydl\u00e1\u017edily cestu budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm \u017een v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. Jejich dovednosti a v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed schopnosti prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u017eeny jsou schopny slou\u017eit v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le rol\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvat arm\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed rovnosti a za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch \u017een v n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu i nad\u00e1le inspiruje a motivuje. Jejich boj za rovnost pomohl prolomit bari\u00e9ry a vytvo\u0159it p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro \u017eeny v arm\u00e1d\u011b i mimo ni. Dnes se n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo zavazuje k rozmanitosti a za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee v\u0161echny \u017eeny maj\u00ed mo\u017enost slou\u017eit sv\u00e9 zemi s ct\u00ed a vyznamen\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cerno\u0161sk\u00e9 \u017eeny pr\u016fkopnice v americk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu Ran\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed WAVES B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byly \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 \u017eeny zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vylou\u010deny z programu Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), kter\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1080,24272,24271,169,18204,24252,24270,1242],"class_list":["post-18584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-african-american-history","tag-frances-eliza-wills","tag-harriet-ida-pickens","tag-womens-history","tag-u-s-navy","tag-black-women","tag-waves","tag-military-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18584"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18585,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18584\/revisions\/18585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}