{"id":18606,"date":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","date_gmt":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18606"},"modified":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","modified_gmt":"2020-01-20T10:26:41","slug":"giant-african-snail-invasive-threat-australia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology\/giant-african-snail-invasive-threat-australia\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u0159\u00ed afri\u010dt\u00ed \u0161neci: No\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fra pro Austr\u00e1lii a nejen pro ni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ob\u0159\u00ed africk\u00fd \u0161nek: No\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fra pro Austr\u00e1lii a nejen pro ni<\/h2>\n\n

Invazivn\u00ed hrozba<\/h2>\n\n

Ob\u0159\u00ed africk\u00fd \u0161nek (GAS) je impozantn\u00ed invazivn\u00ed druh, kter\u00fd su\u017euje Austr\u00e1lii a dal\u0161\u00ed regiony po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Tito obrov\u0161t\u00ed m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou dor\u016fst velikosti baseballov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010dku, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zna\u010dnou hrozbu pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Velikost a rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed schopnost<\/h2>\n\n

GAS jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed svou enormn\u00ed velikost\u00ed a \u00fa\u017easnou rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed schopnost\u00ed. Mohou nakl\u00e1st a\u017e 1200 vaj\u00ed\u010dek ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e zna\u010dn\u011b zt\u011b\u017euje kontrolu populace. Tato vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jejich rychl\u00e9mu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a usazov\u00e1n\u00ed na nov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost<\/h2>\n\n

GAS maj\u00ed pozoruhodnou schopnost p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se r\u016fzn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jsou schopni odolat extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, od mrazu po \u00famorn\u00e9 horko, a v mnoha oblastech, kde se stali invazivn\u00edmi, nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele. Tato p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost jim umo\u017e\u0148uje prosperovat v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le biotop\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Ni\u010den\u00ed plodin a ekonomick\u00fd dopad<\/h2>\n\n

GAS nenasytn\u011b konzumuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 druh\u016f rostlin, v\u010detn\u011b hlavn\u00edch plodin, jako jsou citrusov\u00e9 plody, zelenina a obiloviny. Jejich potravn\u00ed n\u00e1vyky mohou zp\u016fsobit zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm pr\u016fmysl\u016fm zna\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty. Na Florid\u011b p\u0159es\u00e1hly odhadovan\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 GAS 11 milion\u016f dolar\u016f b\u011bhem p\u0159edchoz\u00edch invaz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Rizika pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b sv\u00e9ho dopadu na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed GAS tak\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed riziko pro \u010dlov\u011bka. Jsou nositeli parazitick\u00e9ho hl\u00edstice, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit meningitidu, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b smrtelnou infekci. Kontakt s GAS nebo jejich sekrety m\u016f\u017ee tohoto parazita p\u0159en\u00e9st, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 manipulace a kontroln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Austr\u00e1lie bojuje proti GAS<\/h2>\n\n

Austr\u00e1lie m\u00e1 dlouhou historii boje proti invaz\u00edm GAS. V roce 1977 vedl velk\u00fd v\u00fdskyt v Brisbane k osmim\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed eradika\u010dn\u00ed kampani, kter\u00e1 vyhubila p\u0159es 300 slim\u00e1k\u016f. V posledn\u00edch letech se GAS v Austr\u00e1lii znovu objevili, co\u017e p\u0159im\u011blo \u00fa\u0159ady k rychl\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, aby zabr\u00e1nily dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a \u00fasil\u00ed o kontrolu<\/h2>\n\n

P\u016fvod GAS je ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Africe, ale nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed zaveden\u00e9 populace na n\u011bkolika ostrovech v Tich\u00e9m a Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu a tak\u00e9 v dal\u0161\u00edch regionech. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed GAS zd\u016fraz\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu koordinovan\u00fdch kontroln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch karant\u00e9nn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jejich zavle\u010den\u00ed a usazen\u00ed v nov\u00fdch oblastech.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00e9 propuknut\u00ed a zku\u0161enosti z nich z\u00edskan\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n

Tak\u00e9 Miami na Florid\u011b zaznamenalo n\u011bkolik propuknut\u00ed GAS. V roce 1975 m\u011bsto vynalo\u017eilo p\u0159es 1 milion dolar\u016f na vym\u00fdcen\u00ed invaze, zat\u00edmco nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed propuknut\u00ed v roce 2011 zahrnovalo objeven\u00ed p\u0159es 1100 slim\u00e1k\u016f v oblasti o rozloze jedn\u00e9 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed m\u00edle. Tyto incidenty zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdznam v\u010dasn\u00e9ho odhalen\u00ed a rychl\u00e9 reakce, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tohoto invazivn\u00edho \u0161k\u016fdce.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a strategie \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci neust\u00e1le studuj\u00ed GAS, aby z\u00edskali hlub\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed jejich biologie, chov\u00e1n\u00ed a potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch metod kontroly. K boji proti invaz\u00edm GAS se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 strategie \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b zm\u011bn stanovi\u0161\u0165, chemick\u00e9ho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a biologick\u00e9 kontroly.<\/p>\n\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v prevenci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed GAS. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm komunit o rizic\u00edch spojen\u00fdch s GAS, spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch technik\u00e1ch manipulace a postupech hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed lze pomoci zm\u00edrnit dopad budouc\u00edch invaz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Ob\u0159\u00ed afri\u010dt\u00ed \u0161neci z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed impozantn\u00ed invazivn\u00ed hrozbou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje riziko pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o kontrolu a vym\u00fdcen\u00ed invaz\u00ed GAS vy\u017eaduje v\u00edce\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, strategie \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ve\u0159ejnou anga\u017eovanost. V\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed, rychl\u00e1 reakce a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro minimalizaci dopad\u016f tohoto invazivn\u00edho druhu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ob\u0159\u00ed africk\u00fd \u0161nek: No\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fra pro Austr\u00e1lii a nejen pro ni Invazivn\u00ed hrozba Ob\u0159\u00ed africk\u00fd \u0161nek (GAS) je impozantn\u00ed invazivn\u00ed druh, kter\u00fd su\u017euje Austr\u00e1lii a dal\u0161\u00ed regiony po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[286,24295,24294,178,287],"class_list":["post-18606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology","tag-invasive-species","tag-environmental-threat","tag-giant-african-snail","tag-public-health","tag-agriculture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18606"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18607,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18606\/revisions\/18607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}