V roce 1493 napsal Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus dopis \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li Ferdinandovi II. Aragonsk\u00e9mu a kr\u00e1lovn\u011b Isabele I. Kastilsk\u00e9, ve kter\u00e9m popsal svou pr\u016fkopnickou cestu do Ameriky. Tato origin\u00e1ln\u00ed kopie dopisu, p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e1 ze \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny do latiny, se ned\u00e1vno prodala v aukci Christie’s za ohromuj\u00edc\u00edch 3,9 milionu dolar\u016f, co\u017e je dvojn\u00e1sobek jej\u00ed odhadovan\u00e9 ceny.<\/p>\n\n
Kolumb\u016fv dopis vyvolal v Evrop\u011b medi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed a nav\u017edy zm\u011bnil vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti a rozsahu sv\u011bta. Podrobn\u011b popisoval jeho objev n\u011bkolika obydlen\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, kter\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokoval pro \u0161pan\u011blskou korunu.<\/p>\n\n
“Tento dokument odstartoval jeden z v\u016fbec prvn\u00edch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, rychle se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b a nav\u017edy zm\u011bnil vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed o velikosti, tvaru a mo\u017enostech jejich sv\u011bta,” uvedl Christie’s.<\/p>\n\n
Vzhledem k historii pad\u011blk\u016f a kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed byla autenticita Kolumbov\u00fdch dopis\u016f d\u016fkladn\u011b zkoum\u00e1na. V posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch bylo n\u011bkolik kopi\u00ed identifikov\u00e1no jako pad\u011blky a nalezeno v knihovn\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Spole\u010dnost Christie’s je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena o autenticit\u011b sv\u00e9 kopie a odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 se na rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a absenci podez\u0159el\u00fdch indici\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Kolumbovo d\u011bdictv\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00e9, poznamenan\u00e9 pr\u016fkopnick\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem i bezohledn\u00fdm kolonialismem. Kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jeho vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed domorod\u00fdch obyvatel, v\u010detn\u011b nucen\u00fdch prac\u00ed, otroctv\u00ed a masakr\u016f, by m\u011blo zast\u00ednit jeho \u00fasp\u011bchy jako objevitele.<\/p>\n\n
“Jako brut\u00e1ln\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed guvern\u00e9r a m\u00edstokr\u00e1l by Kolumbus systematicky vyu\u017e\u00edval domorod\u00fd lid Ta\u00edno v Karibiku a nutil je t\u011b\u017eit zlato a odv\u00e1d\u011bt kv\u00f3ty pod trestem tvrd\u00e9ho trestu,” napsala Donna Fergusonov\u00e1 v The Guardian.<\/p>\n\n
Ve sv\u011btle Kolumbovy kontroverzn\u00ed historie z\u00edskal Den domorod\u00fdch obyvatel na v\u00fdznamu a mnoho Kolumbov\u00fdch pomn\u00edk\u016f bylo odstran\u011bno. Historik Steve Berry v\u0161ak v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam dopisu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nesn\u00ed\u017een.<\/p>\n\n
“Nesni\u017euje to jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu ani hodnotu tohoto historick\u00e9ho dokumentu \u2013 ani v nejmen\u0161\u00edm,” \u0159ekl Berry den\u00edku The Washington Post.<\/p>\n\n
Kolumb\u016fv dopis vyvolal vlnu evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu a kolonizace v Americe. Vyvolal tak\u00e9 debaty o povaze objevov\u00e1n\u00ed, zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s domorod\u00fdmi obyvateli a d\u011bdictv\u00ed kolonialismu, kter\u00e9 rezonuj\u00ed dodnes.<\/p>\n\n
Dopis z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 cenn\u00fdm historick\u00fdm artefaktem, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed vhled do my\u0161len\u00ed a motivac\u00ed Kolumba a jeho sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f. Slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka slo\u017eit\u00e9ho vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed mezi pr\u016fzkumem, objevov\u00e1n\u00edm a \u010dasto ni\u010div\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e ob\u00fdvali zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 byly “objevov\u00e1ny”.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Dopis Kry\u0161tofa Kolumba: Historick\u00fd dokument s kontroverzn\u00edm odkazem Dopis V roce 1493 napsal Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus dopis \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li Ferdinandovi II. Aragonsk\u00e9mu a kr\u00e1lovn\u011b Isabele I. Kastilsk\u00e9, ve kter\u00e9m popsal svou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[19660,3064,27,70,564],"class_list":["post-18608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-christopher-columbus","tag-legacy","tag-history","tag-indigenous-rights","tag-exploration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18608"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18609,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18608\/revisions\/18609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}