{"id":18682,"date":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","date_gmt":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18682"},"modified":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","modified_gmt":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","slug":"giant-sequoias-americas-fascination-and-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/natural-history\/giant-sequoias-americas-fascination-and-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje: Historie americk\u00e9 fascinace a ochrany"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje: Historie americk\u00e9ho okouzlen\u00ed a ochrany<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev a &#8220;m\u00e1nie ob\u0159\u00edch strom\u016f&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed narazil lovec jm\u00e9nem Augustus T. Dowd na kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed strom v hor\u00e1ch v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Kalifornie. Jeho v\u00fd\u0161ka sahaj\u00edc\u00ed do nebes, masivn\u00ed obvod a z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 olist\u011bn\u00ed ho uchv\u00e1tily. Zpr\u00e1va o jeho objevu se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila jako po\u017e\u00e1r a za\u017eehla n\u00e1rodn\u00ed posedlost zn\u00e1mou jako &#8220;m\u00e1nie ob\u0159\u00edch strom\u016f&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Symbol americk\u00e9 velkoleposti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje, kter\u00e9 mohly \u017e\u00edt p\u0159es 3 000 let a dor\u016fst do obrovsk\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f, se staly symbolem americk\u00e9 velkoleposti a neomezen\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu. Byly vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako \u017eivouc\u00ed pam\u00e1tn\u00edky p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed n\u00e1roda a d\u016fkazem jeho nezkrotn\u00e9 divo\u010diny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8220;Rostlinn\u00e9 monstrum&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoj, kterou Dowd objevil, noviny nazvaly &#8220;rostlinn\u00e9 monstrum&#8221;. Jej\u00ed obrovsk\u00e1 velikost a neobvykl\u00fd vzhled ohromily v\u011bdce i ve\u0159ejnost. Spekuluje se o jej\u00edm st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a odhady se pohybovaly od 2 500 do 6 500 let.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ochrana a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rostouc\u00ed popularita ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed vzbuzovala obavy o jejich ochranu. D\u0159eva\u0159i za\u010dali tyto majest\u00e1tn\u00ed stromy k\u00e1cet kv\u016fli jejich cenn\u00e9mu d\u0159evu, co\u017e ohro\u017eovalo jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Jako odpov\u011b\u010f na to ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody a p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdci, v\u010detn\u011b Johna Muira, prosazovali jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dva z prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech byly zalo\u017eeny na ochranu h\u00e1j\u016f ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 d\u016fsledky ochrany<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ran\u00e9 ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 snahy v\u0161ak m\u011bly nezam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Ha\u0161en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo chr\u00e1nit sekvoje p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm, vedlo k hromad\u011bn\u00ed vegetace v h\u00e1j\u00edch. To je u\u010dinilo n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ke katastrofick\u00fdm lesn\u00edm po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm, kter\u00e9 by mohly zni\u010dit cel\u00e9 h\u00e1je.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zm\u011bna klimatu a sucho<\/h2>\n\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se zm\u011bna klimatu stala v\u00fdznamnou hrozbou pro ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje. Dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee mnoho sekvoj\u00ed shazuje jehlice, co\u017e je zn\u00e1mka nedostatku vody. V\u011bdci se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee by populace mohla b\u00fdt ohro\u017eena, pokud by sucho p\u0159etrv\u00e1valo.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Turistika a obnova<\/h2>\n\n<p>H\u00e1je ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed jsou obl\u00edben\u00fdmi turistick\u00fdmi c\u00edli a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159itahuj\u00ed miliony n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f. P\u0159\u00edliv turist\u016f v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit k\u0159ehk\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m h\u00e1j\u016f. Aby se zm\u00edrnil tento dopad, byly n\u011bkter\u00e9 h\u00e1je uzav\u0159eny kv\u016fli obnov\u011b, co\u017e umo\u017enilo stanovi\u0161t\u00edm zotavit se.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost t\u011bchto velik\u00e1n\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Budoucnost ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed je nejist\u00e1. Zm\u011bna klimatu, sucho a dal\u0161\u00ed hrozby p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed i nad\u00e1le v\u00fdzvy pro jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a obnovy stanovi\u0161\u0165, v\u0161ak d\u00e1v\u00e1 nad\u011bji na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto ikonick\u00fdch strom\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sekvojovec obrovsk\u00fd:<\/strong> Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v poho\u0159\u00ed Sierra Nevada v Kalifornii.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sekvojovec pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed:<\/strong> Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu v Kalifornii a ji\u017en\u00edm Oregonu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e1 m\u00edsta v\u00fdskytu ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed pouze v n\u011bkolika izolovan\u00fdch h\u00e1j\u00edch ve st\u0159edn\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch poho\u0159\u00ed Sierra Nevada. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed h\u00e1je se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Sequoia<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Kings Canyon<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yosemite<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby vyu\u017eit\u00ed d\u0159eva ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u0159evo ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed je vysoce cen\u011bno pro svou odolnost a odolnost v\u016f\u010di rozkladu. Bylo pou\u017eito k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00e1bytku<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 hrozby, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje \u010del\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b hrozeb, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u011b\u017eby d\u0159eva<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Zm\u011bny klimatu<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Sucha<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Turistiky<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby ochrany ob\u0159\u00edch sekvoj\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje \u0159ada zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak chr\u00e1nit ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ochrany<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Obnovy stanovi\u0161\u0165<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed turistiky<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ob\u0159\u00ed sekvoje: Historie americk\u00e9ho okouzlen\u00ed a ochrany Objev a &#8220;m\u00e1nie ob\u0159\u00edch strom\u016f&#8221; V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed narazil lovec jm\u00e9nem Augustus T. Dowd na kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed strom v hor\u00e1ch v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Kalifornie. Jeho&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[27,24379,401,252,193],"class_list":["post-18682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-history","tag-giant-sequoias","tag-conservation","tag-nature","tag-symbolism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18683,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18682\/revisions\/18683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}