V pust\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Nevady, kde vyprahl\u00e1 zem\u011b potk\u00e1v\u00e1 spaluj\u00edc\u00ed slunce, le\u017e\u00ed zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho divu: prvn\u00edch \u00fates\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Tyto prastar\u00e9 \u00fatesy, vybudovan\u00e9 z\u00e1hadn\u00fdmi tvory zvan\u00fdmi archeocyatidy, poskytuj\u00ed pohled do \u017eiv\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 existovaly p\u0159ed miliony let.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 520 miliony let, kr\u00e1tce po kambrick\u00e9 explozi, kter\u00e1 p\u0159inesla n\u00e1stup komplexn\u00edho \u017eivota, se archeocyatidy objevily jako prvn\u00ed stavitel\u00e9 \u00fates\u016f. Tyto houby filtruj\u00edc\u00ed potravu, p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed pod mikroskopem segmentovan\u00e9 koblihy, hr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch podvodn\u00edch struktur. Na rozd\u00edl od modern\u00edch kor\u00e1l\u016f buduj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fatesy, archeocyatidy vzkv\u00e9taly po relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tkou dobu, pouh\u00fdch asi 20 milion\u016f let.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z nejl\u00e9pe zachovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f t\u011bchto prastar\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f je \u00fates Gold Point v okrese Esmeralda v Nevad\u011b. Tato 70 metr\u016f siln\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed lo\u017eiska nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost prostudovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 detaily starov\u011bk\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu \u00fates\u016f. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f z\u00edskali paleontologov\u00e9 poznatky o rozmanitosti druh\u016f, podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m \u00fapadku t\u011bchto pozoruhodn\u00fdch struktur.<\/p>\n\n
Zkamen\u011bl\u00fd \u00fates v Gold Point obsahuje stopy po z\u00e1hadn\u00e9m vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed archeocyatid. P\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 515 miliony let se velk\u00e1 pevnina zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Laurentia odtrhla od ji\u017en\u00edho superkontinentu a uvolnila do atmosf\u00e9ry obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku. Tato ud\u00e1lost, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed archeocyatid a p\u0159echod uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch izotop\u016f, vedla k okyselen\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed kysl\u00edku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159ila nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro tyto starov\u011bk\u00e9 stavitele \u00fates\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9mu starov\u011bk\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu vykazovaly archeocyatidov\u00e9 \u00fatesy n\u00e1padn\u00e9 podobnosti se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi \u00fatesy porostl\u00fdmi kor\u00e1ly. Poskytovaly stanovi\u0161t\u011b pro rozmanit\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot, v\u010detn\u011b trilobit\u016f, hlavono\u017ec\u016f a chancellori\u00ed. Zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky t\u011bchto tvor\u016f odhaluj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy zauj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edmi specifick\u00e9 niky, podobn\u011b jako je tomu u rozmanitosti nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se na sou\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00fatesech.<\/p>\n\n
Stejn\u011b jako jejich modern\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ky byly archeocyatidov\u00e9 \u00fatesy centry biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a hr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v mo\u0159sk\u00e9m ekosyst\u00e9mu. \u00dates Gold Point se svou v\u00fdjime\u010dnou \u00farovn\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled do \u017eiv\u00e9ho sv\u011bta t\u011bchto prastar\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f. Slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka propojenosti \u017eivota na Zemi a hlubok\u00e9ho dopadu, kter\u00fd mohou m\u00edt zm\u011bny \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na cel\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Prastar\u00e9 \u00fatesy v Nevad\u011b: Fos\u00edlie prvn\u00edch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b V pust\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Nevady, kde vyprahl\u00e1 zem\u011b potk\u00e1v\u00e1 spaluj\u00edc\u00ed slunce, le\u017e\u00ed zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky d\u00e1vn\u00e9ho divu: prvn\u00edch \u00fates\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b. Tyto…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24189,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[24408,24409,239,7049,21772,3173,3398,137,99,34],"class_list":["post-18711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-ancient-reefs","tag-archaeocyaths","tag-fossils","tag-cambrian-explosion","tag-marine-biodiversity","tag-nevada","tag-ocean-acidification","tag-paleontology","tag-lifescienceart","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18711","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18711"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24190,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18711\/revisions\/24190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}