{"id":18717,"date":"2020-07-13T19:09:16","date_gmt":"2020-07-13T19:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18717"},"modified":"2020-07-13T19:09:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-13T19:09:16","slug":"climate-change-and-the-future-of-carbon-dating","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/climate-change-and-the-future-of-carbon-dating\/","title":{"rendered":"Zm\u011bna klimatu a hrozba pro radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zm\u011bna klimatu a budoucnost radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pochopen\u00ed radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u011bdeck\u00e1 technika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 ke stanoven\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm pom\u011bru uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch izotop\u016f ve vzorku. Uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 izotopy jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy prvku uhl\u00edku, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fd po\u010det neutron\u016f. Uhl\u00edk-14, radioaktivn\u00ed izotop, se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v radiokarbonov\u00e9m datov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee se rozpad\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu zn\u00e1mou rychlost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probl\u00e9m s radiokarbonov\u00fdm datov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna klimatu v\u0161ak naru\u0161uje p\u0159esnost radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed. Emise fosiln\u00edch paliv uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do atmosf\u00e9ry velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd obsahuje star\u00fd organick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd ji\u017e ztratil v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho uhl\u00edku-14. V d\u016fsledku toho nov\u00e9 organick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly za\u010dle\u0148uj\u00ed tento \u201estar\u00fd\u201c uhl\u00edk, co\u017e je zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee vypadaj\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti jsou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad zm\u011bny klimatu na radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 20 a\u017e 30 letech bude st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat mezi nov\u011b vyroben\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly a historick\u00fdmi artefakty star\u00fdmi n\u011bkolik set let pomoc\u00ed technik radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed. Do roku 2100 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt atmosf\u00e9ra radiokarbonov\u00fd v\u011bk 2 000 let, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed nespolehliv\u00fdm pro datov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou mlad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc let.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky pro archeologii a historii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ztr\u00e1ta radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed jako spolehliv\u00e9 metody datov\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bla v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro archeologii a historii. V\u011bdci by ztratili d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed artefakt\u016f a porozum\u011bn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed v minulosti. To by mohlo br\u00e1nit na\u0161\u00ed schopnosti p\u0159esn\u011b datovat a interpretovat archeologick\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b a historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternativn\u00ed metody datov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed metody datov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby \u0159e\u0161ili probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bna klimatu. Tyto metody zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dendrochronologie:<\/strong> Pou\u017eit\u00ed letokruh\u016f ke datov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Termoluminiscence:<\/strong> M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btla emitovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1ly zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdmi na vysok\u00e9 teploty<\/li>\n<li><strong>Datov\u00e1n\u00ed drasl\u00edkem a argonem:<\/strong> Pou\u017eit\u00ed rozpadu drasl\u00edku-40 k datov\u00e1n\u00ed hornin a miner\u00e1l\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby se zm\u00edrnil dopad zm\u011bny klimatu na radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed, pracuj\u00ed v\u011bdci na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch technik a zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch metod. To zahrnuje:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy vzork\u016f:<\/strong> Odstran\u011bn\u00ed kontaminace a v\u00fdb\u011br vzork\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou m\u00e9n\u011b ovlivn\u011bny environment\u00e1ln\u00edmi faktory<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00edce datovac\u00edch metod:<\/strong> Kombinace r\u016fzn\u00fdch datovac\u00edch technik pro vz\u00e1jemnou kontrolu v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch kalibra\u010dn\u00edch k\u0159ivek:<\/strong> Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed aktualizovan\u00fdch kalibra\u010dn\u00edch k\u0159ivek, kter\u00e9 zohled\u0148uj\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se pom\u011bry uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch izotop\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna klimatu p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu pro spolehlivost radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro archeologii a historii. V\u011bdci aktivn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed metody datov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 techniky, jak \u010delit t\u00e9to v\u00fdzv\u011b. P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edmu se klimatu mohou v\u011bdci pokra\u010dovat v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed minulosti a zachov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 historie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zm\u011bna klimatu a budoucnost radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed Pochopen\u00ed radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed Radiokarbonov\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u011bdeck\u00e1 technika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 ke stanoven\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm pom\u011bru uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch izotop\u016f ve vzorku. Uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 izotopy jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,5984,27,97,283,34],"class_list":["post-18717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-carbon-dating","tag-history","tag-science","tag-environment","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18717"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18718,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18717\/revisions\/18718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}