{"id":1879,"date":"2026-02-27T13:47:34","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T13:47:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1879"},"modified":"2026-02-27T13:47:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T13:47:34","slug":"the-race-against-polio-jonas-salk-and-albert-sabin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/medicine\/the-race-against-polio-jonas-salk-and-albert-sabin\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1vod o \u017eivot: Jak Salk a Sabin porazili d\u011btskou obrnu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1vod s poliomyelitidou: Jonas Salk a Albert Sabin<\/h2>\n\n

Poliomyelitid\u011b hrozba<\/h2>\n\n

Poliomyelitida, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako d\u011btsk\u00e1 obrna, byla vysoce naka\u017eliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b ochromilo tis\u00edce lid\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Nem\u011bla l\u00e9\u010dbu a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila se kontaktem s kontaminovanou vodou nebo potravinami.<\/p>\n\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed vakc\u00edny<\/h2>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco se polio \u0159\u00edtilo zem\u00ed, dva brilantn\u00ed v\u011bdci \u2013 Jonas Salk a Albert Sabin \u2013 z\u00e1vodili s \u010dasem, aby vyvinuli vakc\u00ednu. Salk se zam\u011b\u0159il na inaktivovanou o\u010dkovac\u00ed l\u00e1tku, Sabin na or\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivou vakc\u00ednu.<\/p>\n\n

Jonas Salk: Inaktivovan\u00e1 vakc\u00edna<\/h2>\n\n

Jonas Salk se narodil v roce 1914 v New Yorku. Byl nadan\u00fdm studentem, kter\u00e9ho l\u00e1kaly intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvy l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Po promoci na l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakult\u011b za\u010dal pracovat na vakc\u00edn\u011b proti poliu.<\/p>\n\n

Salkova metoda spo\u010d\u00edvala v pou\u017eit\u00ed zabit\u00e9ho viru, kter\u00fd m\u011bl stimulovat imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m k tvorb\u011b protil\u00e1tek proti poliomyelitid\u011b. Virus p\u011bstoval na kultur\u00e1ch opi\u010d\u00edch ledvinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk, inaktivoval ho formaldehydem a injikoval opic\u00edm. Pokusy fungovaly, a tak p\u0159e\u0161el k test\u016fm na lidech.<\/p>\n\n

Albert Sabin: Or\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e1 vakc\u00edna<\/h2>\n\n

Albert Sabin se narodil v roce 1906 v Polsku. V roce 1921 p\u0159ijel do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a vystudoval l\u00e9ka\u0159skou fakultu Newyorsk\u00e9 univerzity. Po promoci se za\u010dal v\u011bnovat v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159\u00ed\u010din poliomyelitidy.<\/p>\n\n

Sabin zjistil, \u017ee virus polia se mno\u017e\u00ed v tenk\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b. V\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee or\u00e1ln\u00ed vakc\u00edna m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit proniknut\u00ed viru do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu a zni\u010dit ho d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se roz\u0161\u00edn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Klinick\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky vakc\u00edn<\/h2>\n\n

Salkova inaktivovan\u00e1 vakc\u00edna byla v roce 1954 testov\u00e1na v rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m poln\u00edm pokusu. Z\u00fa\u010dastnilo se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dva miliony \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f a v\u00fdsledky byly ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed: l\u00e1tka byla bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 a dramaticky sn\u00ed\u017eila v\u00fdskyt polia ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n\n

I Sabinova or\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e1 vakc\u00edna pro\u0161la rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi zkou\u0161kami. V\u00fdsledky op\u011bt potvrdily jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost a v roce 1963 byla schv\u00e1lena k pou\u017eit\u00ed v USA.<\/p>\n\n

Vym\u00fdcen\u00ed poliomyelitidy<\/h2>\n\n

Sabinova or\u00e1ln\u00ed vakc\u00edna se stala standardn\u00ed l\u00e1tkou p\u0159i celosv\u011btov\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed o vym\u00fdcen\u00ed polia. Je levn\u00e1, snadno se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 a velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci.<\/p>\n\n

Polio je dnes vym\u00fdceno ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b sv\u011bta, av\u0161ak v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch st\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuje hrozbu. D\u00edky neutuchaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci Jonase Salka, Alberta Sabina a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f u\u017e v\u0161ak nen\u00ed t\u00edm stra\u0161\u00e1kem, kter\u00fdm b\u00fdvala.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed Jonase Salka a Alberta Sabina<\/h2>\n\n

Jonas Salk a Albert Sabin pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm postav\u00e1m v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch medic\u00edny. Jejich pr\u00e1ce na vakc\u00edn\u011b proti poliomyelitid\u011b zachr\u00e1nila nespo\u010det \u017eivot\u016f a pomohla u\u010dinit sv\u011bt zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem.<\/p>\n\n

Salkova inaktivovan\u00e1 vakc\u00edna byla prvn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu a v\u00fdznamn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila v\u00fdskyt polia ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Sabinova or\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e1 vakc\u00edna je dnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm standardem a sehr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i glob\u00e1ln\u00edm vym\u00fdcen\u00ed nemoci.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed obou v\u011bdc\u016f je d\u011bdictv\u00edm inovac\u00ed, odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed a vytrvalosti. Jejich d\u00edlo dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 s\u00edlu v\u011bdy a d\u016fle\u017eitost spolupr\u00e1ce v boji proti nemocem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1vod s poliomyelitidou: Jonas Salk a Albert Sabin Poliomyelitid\u011b hrozba Poliomyelitida, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako d\u011btsk\u00e1 obrna, byla vysoce naka\u017eliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b ochromilo tis\u00edce lid\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25329,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[4023,705,4022,4024,178],"class_list":["post-1879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicine","tag-albert-sabin","tag-medical-history","tag-jonas-salk","tag-polio-vaccine","tag-public-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1879"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25330,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1879\/revisions\/25330"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}