{"id":1926,"date":"2022-08-03T10:20:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T10:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1926"},"modified":"2022-08-03T10:20:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-03T10:20:00","slug":"neanderthal-discovery-italian-cave-sheds-light-on-human-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/anthropology\/neanderthal-discovery-italian-cave-sheds-light-on-human-evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u767c\u73fe9\u5177\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u5854\u4eba\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u904e\u53bb\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u4e00\u6247\u7a97"},"content":{"rendered":"

Objev dev\u00edti poz\u016fstatk\u016f neandert\u00e1lc\u016f v italsk\u00e9 jeskyni vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na lidskou evoluci<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologov\u00e9 u\u010dinili pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev v jeskyni Guattari pobl\u00ed\u017e \u0158\u00edma v It\u00e1lii. Vykopali zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 ostatky dev\u00edti neandert\u00e1lc\u016f, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o \u017eivot\u011b a interakc\u00edch t\u011bchto d\u00e1vn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. N\u00e1lez se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 k rostouc\u00edmu mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci byli mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo.<\/p>\n\n

Hyeny jako pred\u00e1to\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jeskynn\u00ed hyeny z doby kamenn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaly jeskyni jako doup\u011b a neandert\u00e1lce pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b lovili jako ko\u0159ist. Na m\u00edst\u011b byly nalezeny tak\u00e9 ostatky hyen a dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako jsou nosoro\u017eci, ob\u0159\u00ed jeleni a divoc\u00ed kon\u011b. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci \u017eili v \u017eiv\u00e9m ekosyst\u00e9mu pln\u00e9m r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza ostatk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vno objeven\u00e9 ostatky neandert\u00e1lc\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed jedn\u00e9 \u017een\u011b, sedmi mu\u017e\u016fm a mlad\u00e9mu chlapci. Anal\u00fdza jejich zubn\u00edho kamene odhalila, \u017ee konzumovali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm obiloviny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaly k r\u016fstu jejich mozku. Dal\u0161\u00ed studie jejich DNA poskytne dal\u0161\u00ed informace o jejich genetick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edbuznosti.<\/p>\n\n

\u017divotn\u00ed styl neandert\u00e1lc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f na\u0161li archeologov\u00e9 v jeskyni tak\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o os\u00eddlen\u00ed neandert\u00e1lc\u016f. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b sp\u00e1len\u00e9 kosti, opracovan\u00e9 kameny a kosti se stopami po \u0159ezech, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed lov. Tyto n\u00e1lezy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci jeskyni vyu\u017e\u00edvali jako obydl\u00ed a v\u011bnovali se r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u010dinnostem, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edpravy potravy a v\u00fdroby n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00fd kontext<\/h2>\n\n

Jeskyn\u011b Guattari m\u00e1 dlouhou historii os\u00eddlen\u00ed neandert\u00e1lci. V roce 1939 byla na m\u00edst\u011b objevena neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e1 lebka, kter\u00e1 p\u0159it\u00e1hla mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pozornost. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v \u0159\u00edjnu 2019, poskytl komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdznamu jeskyn\u011b. Uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci v jeskyni \u017eili po del\u0161\u00ed dobu a \u017ee byli loveni hyenami.<\/p>\n\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed neandert\u00e1lc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Neandert\u00e1lci byli roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm druhem, kter\u00fd ob\u00fdval Evropu a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed a\u017e st\u0159edn\u00ed Asii od doby p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 400 000 lety. Vymizeli p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 000 lety, ale jejich genetick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v mnoha sou\u010dasn\u00fdch lidech. Objev ostatk\u016f v jeskyni Guattari p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k na\u0161emu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed neandert\u00e1lc\u016f a faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohly ovlivnit jejich vyhynut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed turistick\u00e1 atrakce<\/h2>\n\n

Objev poz\u016fstatk\u016f neandert\u00e1lc\u016f v San Felice Circeo m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l podpo\u0159it cestovn\u00ed ruch v oblasti. Starosta Giuseppe Schiboni po\u017e\u00e1dal o financov\u00e1n\u00ed z Evropsk\u00e9 unie na rozvoj lokality jako turistick\u00e9 atrakce. Jeskyn\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na pozemku hotelu, kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed na prodej, a Schiboni douf\u00e1, \u017ee nemovitost koup\u00ed a p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed ji na centrum studi\u00ed neandert\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Objev ostatk\u016f v jeskyni Guattari je prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd projekt. V\u011bdci studuj\u00ed fosilie, analyzuj\u00ed DNA a zkoumaj\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, aby z\u00edskali hlub\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, ekologie a vyhynut\u00ed neandert\u00e1lc\u016f. Tento v\u00fdzkum slibuje, \u017ee prolije dal\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btlo na slo\u017eitou evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii na\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 rodov\u00e9 linie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objev dev\u00edti poz\u016fstatk\u016f neandert\u00e1lc\u016f v italsk\u00e9 jeskyni vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na lidskou evoluci Archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam Archeologov\u00e9 u\u010dinili pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev v jeskyni Guattari pobl\u00ed\u017e \u0158\u00edma v It\u00e1lii. Vykopali zkamen\u011bl\u00e9 ostatky dev\u00edti neandert\u00e1lc\u016f,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[88,487,1019,137,148],"class_list":["post-1926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-human-evolution","tag-neanderthals","tag-paleontology","tag-prehistoric-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1927,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1926\/revisions\/1927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}