P\u0159ed stolet\u00edm p\u0159edstavil Albert Einstein svou teorii obecn\u00e9 relativity, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila revoluci v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed gravitace. Podle t\u00e9to teorie hmotn\u00e9 objekty jako hv\u011bzdy a galaxie deformuj\u00ed \u010dasoprostorov\u00e9 kontinuum, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee sv\u011btlo se p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu kolem nich oh\u00fdb\u00e1. Tento jev je zn\u00e1m jako gravita\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Gravita\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed se stalo neoceniteln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro studium vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm masivn\u00edch galaktick\u00fdch kup jako p\u0159irozen\u00fdch zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00edch skel mohou astronomov\u00e9 pozorovat slab\u00e9 a vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 galaxie, kter\u00e9 by jinak byly neviditeln\u00e9. Tato technika n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje zkoumat ran\u00fd vesm\u00edr a studovat vznik a v\u00fdvoj galaxi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho teleskopu (HST) v roce 1990 znamenalo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok ve v\u00fdzkumu gravita\u010dn\u00edho \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ostr\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed schopnosti HST a citlivost na slab\u00e9 sv\u011btlo umo\u017enily astronom\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bt detailn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010do\u010dkovan\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u00edskali poznatky o jejich vlastnostech a povaze vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n
V roce 2009 byl zah\u00e1jen program HST Frontier Fields, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo prozkoumat nejhlub\u0161\u00ed a nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti vesm\u00edru. Tento program zahrnuje pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161esti masivn\u00edch galaktick\u00fdch kup, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00fdch gravita\u010dn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek k zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed a studiu slab\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed za nimi.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 anal\u00fdza dat z HST Frontier Fields odhalila mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed o ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru. Astronomov\u00e9 objevili zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e9 sn\u00edmky galaxi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 existovaly jen n\u011bkolik set milion\u016f let po Velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku. Tato pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed vod\u00edtka ke vzniku a v\u00fdvoji prvn\u00edch galaxi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Studium \u010do\u010dkovan\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed v ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru odhalilo, \u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b existovalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mal\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed. Tyto galaxie mohly hr\u00e1t v\u00fdznamnou roli v utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed energie ve vesm\u00edru b\u011bhem jeho prvn\u00ed miliardy let.<\/p>\n\n
O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed James Webbova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho teleskopu (JWST) v roce 2023 d\u00e1le zp\u016fsob\u00ed revoluci ve v\u00fdzkumu gravita\u010dn\u00edho \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zrcadlo JWST a citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 kamery umo\u017en\u00ed astronom\u016fm nahl\u00e9dnout je\u0161t\u011b hloub\u011bji do minulosti a pozorovat je\u0161t\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed galaxie. Vyu\u017eit\u00edm gravita\u010dn\u00edho \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed JWST posune hranice na\u0161ich znalost\u00ed o ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n\n
Gravita\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro studium vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru. Kombinac\u00ed schopnost\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f s p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky galaktick\u00fdch kup z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 neb\u00fdval\u00e9 poznatky o vzniku a v\u00fdvoji galaxi\u00ed, povaze \u010dasoprostoru a historii kosmu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gravita\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed: odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru Einsteinova revolu\u010dn\u00ed teorie P\u0159ed stolet\u00edm p\u0159edstavil Albert Einstein svou teorii obecn\u00e9 relativity, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila revoluci v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed gravitace. Podle t\u00e9to teorie hmotn\u00e9 objekty…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1836],"tags":[435,4210,1444,4211,697,434],"class_list":["post-1974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy-and-astrophysics","tag-astronomy","tag-gravitational-lensing","tag-hubble-space-telescope","tag-james-webb-space-telescope","tag-cosmology","tag-space-exploration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1975,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1974\/revisions\/1975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}