{"id":1986,"date":"2022-09-23T02:00:47","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T02:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1986"},"modified":"2022-09-23T02:00:47","modified_gmt":"2022-09-23T02:00:47","slug":"breast-cancer-genes-understanding-brca1-brca2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/medicine\/breast-cancer-genes-understanding-brca1-brca2\/","title":{"rendered":"Geny rakoviny prsu: Pochopen\u00ed role BRCA1 a BRCA2"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geny rakoviny prsu: pochopen\u00ed role BRCA1 a BRCA2<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je rakovina prsu?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rakovina je komplexn\u00ed skupina onemocn\u011bn\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e1 nekontrolovan\u00fdm r\u016fstem a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk. Rakovina prsu je typ rakoviny, kter\u00fd postihuje bu\u0148ky v prsn\u00ed tk\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pochopen\u00ed gen\u016f rakoviny<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na\u0161e t\u011bla obsahuj\u00ed geny, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v regulaci r\u016fstu a d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk. Kdy\u017e tyto geny podstoup\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 zm\u011bny nebo mutace, mohou v\u00e9st ke vzniku rakoviny. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rakoviny prsu byly dva specifick\u00e9 geny, BRCA1 a BRCA2, identifikov\u00e1ny jako hlavn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geny BRCA<\/h2>\n\n<p>BRCA1 a BRCA2 jsou tumor supresorov\u00e9 geny, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed kontrolovat d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk a zabra\u0148ovat nekontrolovan\u00e9mu r\u016fstu. Tyto geny funguj\u00ed tak, \u017ee opravuj\u00ed po\u0161kozenou DNA, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k mutac\u00edm a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ke vzniku rakoviny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mutace gen\u016f BRCA a riziko rakoviny prsu<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u017deny, kter\u00e9 zd\u011bd\u00ed mutaci v genu BRCA1 nebo BRCA2, maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vzniku rakoviny prsu. Riziko se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed mutaci, ale pohybuje se od 36 % do 85 % b\u011bhem \u017eivota \u017eeny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak mutace gen\u016f BRCA ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ve sv\u00e9m norm\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu produkuj\u00ed BRCA1 a BRCA2 proteiny, kter\u00e9 opravuj\u00ed zlomy v DNA, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed b\u011bhem d\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk. Mutace v t\u011bchto genech mohou deaktivovat jejich funkci, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se bu\u0148ky stanou neschopn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b opravit po\u0161kozen\u00ed DNA. Tato akumulace mutac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee nakonec v\u00e9st ke vzniku rakoviny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017enosti l\u00e9\u010dby pro nositelky mutac\u00ed gen\u016f BRCA<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u017deny s mutac\u00ed genu BRCA maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko rakoviny. Preventivn\u00ed chirurgie, jako je odstran\u011bn\u00ed prsou, vejcovod\u016f nebo vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko vzniku rakoviny v t\u011bchto org\u00e1nech.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Omezen\u00ed a budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt preventivn\u00ed chirurgie \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizika rakoviny, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ne v\u017edy jde o \u00fapln\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le vyvinout rakovinu a rakovina se m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout tak\u00e9 v jin\u00fdch org\u00e1nech spojen\u00fdch s geny BRCA. Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch postup\u016f a zlep\u0161en\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed mutac\u00edm gen\u016f BRCA a jejich dopadu na rakovinu prsu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Typy mutac\u00ed gen\u016f BRCA:<\/strong> Existuj\u00ed stovky r\u016fzn\u00fdch mutac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se mohou vyskytnout v genech BRCA. N\u011bkter\u00e9 mutace jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9 a jejich dopad na riziko rakoviny se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdhody a rizika preventivn\u00ed chirurgie:<\/strong> Preventivn\u00ed chirurgie m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko rakoviny, ale nese tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika, v\u010detn\u011b chirurgick\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed a psychologick\u00e9ho dopadu odstran\u011bn\u00ed zdrav\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba pro nositelky mutac\u00ed gen\u016f BRCA:<\/strong> Krom\u011b preventivn\u00ed chirurgie mohou dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby pro nositelky mutac\u00ed gen\u016f BRCA zahrnovat screening, genetick\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed a c\u00edlen\u00e9 terapie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Budoucnost v\u00fdzkumu rakoviny prsu:<\/strong> Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum zkoum\u00e1 nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy k prevenci a l\u00e9\u010db\u011b rakoviny prsu u osob s mutacemi gen\u016f BRCA. To zahrnuje v\u00fdvoj genov\u00fdch terapi\u00ed, zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a identifikaci nov\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f pro l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Geny rakoviny prsu: pochopen\u00ed role BRCA1 a BRCA2 Co je rakovina prsu? Rakovina je komplexn\u00ed skupina onemocn\u011bn\u00ed charakterizovan\u00e1 nekontrolovan\u00fdm r\u016fstem a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk. Rakovina prsu je typ rakoviny, kter\u00fd&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[4234,4235,4233,188,4236,4237,1129,97,147],"class_list":["post-1986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicine","tag-brca1","tag-brca2","tag-breast-cancer","tag-genetics","tag-cancer-genes","tag-tumor-suppressor-genes","tag-medicine","tag-science","tag-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1986"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1986\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1987,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1986\/revisions\/1987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}