{"id":203,"date":"2022-09-14T08:50:24","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T08:50:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=203"},"modified":"2022-09-14T08:50:24","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T08:50:24","slug":"trans-atlantic-balloon-crossings-a-journey-through-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/exploration-and-discovery\/trans-atlantic-balloon-crossings-a-journey-through-time\/","title":{"rendered":"Transatlantick\u00e9 p\u0159elet\u016f bal\u00f3nem: Cesta \u010dasem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cesta \u010dasem: Historie transatlantick\u00fdch p\u0159elet\u016f bal\u00f3nem<\/h2>\n\n

Ran\u00e9 sny a ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pokusy<\/h2>\n\n

Transatlantick\u00e9 p\u0159elet\u016f bal\u00f3nem uchvacovaly p\u0159edstavivost dobrodruh\u016f ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f samotn\u00e9ho balonov\u00e9ho l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed. Ji\u017e v roce 1783, pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i roky po prvn\u00edch voln\u00fdch letech bal\u00f3nem, se \u0161eptalo o p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 rozlohy Atlantsk\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Av\u0161ak m\u011blo trvat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b stolet\u00ed, ne\u017e se tento sen stal skute\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd duch Charlese Greena<\/h2>\n\n

Ve 30. letech 19. stolet\u00ed se britsk\u00fd vzduchoplavec Charles Green stal p\u0159edn\u00edm zast\u00e1ncem transatlantick\u00e9ho p\u0159elet\u016f bal\u00f3nem. Pe\u010dliv\u011b navrhoval a testoval modely a dokonce si p\u0159edstavoval bal\u00f3n poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd vrtulemi poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdmi hodinov\u00fdm strojkem. P\u0159esto\u017ee se s\u00e1m Green nikdy o p\u0159elet nepokusil, jeho my\u0161lenky inspirovaly nespo\u010det dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

Sedm ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch pokus\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Mezi lety 1859 a koncem 19. stolet\u00ed se sedm neohro\u017een\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f vydalo na transatlantick\u00e9 balonov\u00e9 expedice. Bal\u00f3ny s n\u00e1zvy jako \u201eAtlantic\u201c, \u201eGreat Western\u201c a \u201eThe Daily Graphic\u201c stoupaly k nebi, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z nich nedok\u00e1zal dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00e9ho c\u00edle. P\u0159es v\u0161echna rizika, kter\u00e1 s sebou nesly, bylo b\u011bhem t\u011bchto ran\u00fdch pokus\u016f pozoruhodn\u011b m\u00e1lo \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Dlouh\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed a obnoven\u00fd z\u00e1jem<\/h2>\n\n

Po posledn\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m pokusu v roce 1881 se nikdo dal\u0161\u00ed osmdes\u00e1t let nepokusil o transatlantick\u00fd p\u0159elet bal\u00f3nem. Balonov\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159esunulo k vojensk\u00e9mu pr\u016fzkumu a v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu studiu a teprve ve 20. stolet\u00ed znovu vzplanul p\u016fvab transatlantick\u00e9ho letu.<\/p>\n\n

Triumf Double Eagle II<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. srpna 1978 se psaly d\u011bjiny, kdy\u017e se Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson a Larry Newman stali prvn\u00edmi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159elet\u011bli Atlantik v bal\u00f3nu. Jejich Double Eagle II napln\u011bn\u00fd heliem se vzn\u00e1\u0161el ve vzduchu 137 hodin, sn\u00e1\u0161el bou\u0159ky, poruchy za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky v\u011btru. Nakonec p\u0159ist\u00e1li ve Francii, kde byli p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1ni jako hrdinov\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Dal\u0161\u00ed miln\u00edk: Horkovzdu\u0161n\u00e9 bal\u00f3ny<\/h2>\n\n

    O necel\u00e9 desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji se Richard Branson a Per Lindstrand stali prvn\u00edmi, kdo p\u0159elet\u011bli Atlantik v horkovzdu\u0161n\u00e9m bal\u00f3nu. To p\u0159edstavovalo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v historii balonov\u00e9ho l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed a uk\u00e1zalo v\u0161estrannost a mo\u017enosti t\u011bchto leh\u010d\u00edch ne\u017e vzduch plavidel.<\/p>\n\n

    V\u00fdzvy transatlantick\u00e9ho balonov\u00e9ho l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

    P\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed Atlantiku bal\u00f3nem p\u0159edstavuje jedine\u010dnou \u0159adu v\u00fdzev. Podm\u00ednky v\u011btru mohou b\u00fdt nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9, bou\u0159e mohou p\u0159edstavovat v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a poruchy za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou v\u00e9st ke katastrof\u011b. Navigace v t\u011bchto v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dliv\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, zru\u010dn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a dobrou d\u00e1vku odvahy.<\/p>\n\n

    Budoucnost transatlantick\u00e9ho balonov\u00e9ho l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

    Dnes je balonov\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rekrea\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed a p\u0159edstava transatlantick\u00fdch diplomatick\u00fdch bal\u00f3n\u016f, kterou p\u0159edv\u00eddal George Washington, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm snem. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b dobrodru\u017en\u00fd duch, kter\u00fd poh\u00e1n\u011bl ran\u00e9 pr\u016fkopn\u00edky, st\u00e1le inspiruje bal\u00f3n\u00e1\u0159e po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a nen\u00ed nemo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee jednoho dne budou oblohu nad Atlantikem op\u011bt plnit barevn\u00e9 plachty t\u011bchto mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch plavidel.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Cesta \u010dasem: Historie transatlantick\u00fdch p\u0159elet\u016f bal\u00f3nem Ran\u00e9 sny a ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pokusy Transatlantick\u00e9 p\u0159elet\u016f bal\u00f3nem uchvacovaly p\u0159edstavivost dobrodruh\u016f ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f samotn\u00e9ho balonov\u00e9ho l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed. Ji\u017e v roce 1783, pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i roky…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[567],"tags":[565,563,564,562,566],"class_list":["post-203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration-and-discovery","tag-adventure","tag-history-of-aviation","tag-exploration","tag-trans-atlantic-balloon-crossings","tag-science-and-innovation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":204,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203\/revisions\/204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}