{"id":2104,"date":"2024-09-26T20:19:27","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T20:19:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2104"},"modified":"2024-09-26T20:19:27","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T20:19:27","slug":"neanderthal-dental-plaque-insights-ancestors-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/neanderthal-dental-plaque-insights-ancestors-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Zubn\u00ed plak neandert\u00e1lc\u016f: okno do \u017eivota na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zubn\u00ed plak neandert\u00e1lc\u016f: okno do \u017eivota na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Zubn\u00ed plak: pokladnice informac\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Po stalet\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 vyhazovali zubn\u00ed plak ze star\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch lebek, proto\u017ee ho pova\u017eovali za bezcenn\u00fd. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 pokroky v sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA v\u0161ak odhalily, \u017ee zkamen\u011bl\u00fd zubn\u00ed plak obsahuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed o na\u0161ich p\u0159edc\u00edch. M\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1m prozradit o jejich strav\u011b, zdrav\u00ed a dokonce i interakc\u00edch s ostatn\u00edmi lidmi.<\/p>\n\n

Mikrobiomy neandert\u00e1lc\u016f: p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh dvou j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci zkoumali zubn\u00ed plak neandert\u00e1lc\u016f, na\u0161ich vyhynul\u00fdch bratranc\u016f, aby z\u00edskali poznatky o jejich \u017eivotn\u00edm stylu. Sekvenov\u00e1n\u00edm DNA bakteri\u00ed v plaku zjistili, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci m\u011bli r\u016fzn\u00e9 mikrobiomy v z\u00e1vislosti na sv\u00e9 poloze a strav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Belgi\u010dt\u00ed neandert\u00e1lci: maso\u017eravci s jedine\u010dn\u00fdm mikrobiomem<\/h3>\n\n

Neandert\u00e1lci ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Belgii m\u011bli klasickou stravu bohatou na maso, co\u017e se odrazilo v jejich \u00fastn\u00edm mikrobiomu. P\u0159\u00edtomnost DNA ovc\u00ed, srstnat\u00e9ho mamuta a dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at v jejich plaku nazna\u010dovala vysokou spot\u0159ebu masa. Tato strava formovala jejich mikrobiom tak, aby se li\u0161il od mikrobiomu ostatn\u00edch neandert\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed neandert\u00e1lci: lovci a sb\u011bra\u010di s vegetari\u00e1nsk\u00fdm mikrobiomem<\/h3>\n\n

Naproti tomu neandert\u00e1lci v severn\u00edm \u0160pan\u011blsku m\u011bli sp\u00ed\u0161e vegetari\u00e1nskou stravu lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f. Jejich plak obsahoval DNA z piniov\u00fdch o\u0159\u00ed\u0161k\u016f a hub, co\u017e nazna\u010duje z\u00e1vislost na rostlinn\u00e9 strav\u011b. Tato strava vedla k \u00fastn\u00edmu mikrobiomu podobn\u00e9mu mikrobiomu \u0161impanz\u016f, na\u0161ich genetick\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Konzumace masa a \u00fastn\u00ed mikrobiom<\/h3>\n\n

Studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee konzumace masa v\u00fdznamn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed mikrobiom u lid\u00ed. P\u0159echod na stravu bohatou na maso u belgick\u00fdch neandert\u00e1lc\u016f se shodoval se zm\u011bnami v jejich \u00fastn\u00edm mikrobiomu, co\u017e ho \u010dinilo n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k mikrob\u016fm zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edm nemoci.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fastn\u00ed hygiena: neandert\u00e1lci s nedot\u010den\u00fdmi zuby<\/h3>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup k modern\u00ed zubn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, m\u011bli neandert\u00e1lci obecn\u011b vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed hygienu. Jejich zuby vykazovaly minim\u00e1ln\u00ed zn\u00e1mky zubn\u00edho kazu nebo nemoc\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1lez zpochyb\u0148uje stereotyp neandert\u00e1lc\u016f jako primitivn\u00edch jeskynn\u00edch lid\u00ed se \u0161patnou hygienou.<\/p>\n\n

Medic\u00edna neandert\u00e1lc\u016f: l\u00e9\u010dba nemoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky<\/h3>\n\n

Jeden \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd neandert\u00e1lec trp\u011bl zubn\u00edm abscesem a pr\u016fjmem. Anal\u00fdza jeho mikrobiomu odhalila d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edval l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 rostliny, v\u010detn\u011b penicilinu a aspirinu, k \u00falev\u011b od p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci m\u011bli propracovan\u00e9 znalosti o sv\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch vlastnostech rostlin.<\/p>\n\n

Methanobrevibacter oralis: mikrob sd\u00edlen\u00fd s lidmi<\/h3>\n\n

Sekvenov\u00e1n\u00edm mikrobiomu neandert\u00e1lce s abscesem v\u011bdci tak\u00e9 objevili nejstar\u0161\u00ed genom mikroba, kter\u00fd byl dosud nalezen: Methanobrevibacter oralis. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm jeho genomu s genomem stejn\u00e9ho mikroba u modern\u00edch lid\u00ed zjistili, \u017ee ho neandert\u00e1lci z\u00edskali od lid\u00ed asi p\u0159ed 125 000 lety. Tento objev nazna\u010duje, \u017ee neandert\u00e1lci a lid\u00e9 spolu vz\u00e1jemn\u011b p\u016fsobili mnohem \u00fa\u017eeji, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, mo\u017en\u00e1 si dokonce p\u0159ed\u00e1vali sliny.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace pro zdrav\u00ed modern\u00edch lid\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n

Studie zubn\u00edho plaku neandert\u00e1lc\u016f poskytuje poznatky o lidsk\u00e9m zdrav\u00ed a evoluci. Vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky o tom, pro\u010d modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 trp\u00ed zubn\u00edmi a dal\u0161\u00edmi zdravotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 byly u neandert\u00e1lc\u016f vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Pochopen\u00edm faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bly k jejich vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed hygien\u011b, m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat poznatky o tom, jak zlep\u0161it na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum: odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce<\/h3>\n\n

V\u011bdci pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve studiu zubn\u00edch fosili\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch starov\u011bk\u00fdch lid\u00ed a p\u0159edk\u016f. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm jejich mikrobiom\u016f doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee sestav\u00ed komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce a faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu formovaly na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zubn\u00ed plak neandert\u00e1lc\u016f: okno do \u017eivota na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f Zubn\u00ed plak: pokladnice informac\u00ed Po stalet\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 vyhazovali zubn\u00ed plak ze star\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch lebek, proto\u017ee ho pova\u017eovali za bezcenn\u00fd. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 pokroky v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[132,4433,295,136,1703,1019,137,1017,147],"class_list":["post-2104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-anthropology","tag-dental-plaque","tag-diet","tag-evolution","tag-microbiome","tag-neanderthals","tag-paleontology","tag-ancient-dna","tag-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2104"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24459,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions\/24459"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}