{"id":211,"date":"2020-08-02T05:34:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-02T05:34:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=211"},"modified":"2020-08-02T05:34:47","modified_gmt":"2020-08-02T05:34:47","slug":"bird-extinction-a-global-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/bird-extinction-a-global-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krize"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krize<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stav pt\u00e1k\u016f ve sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy BirdLife International \u010del\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyhynut\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd osm\u00fd druh pt\u00e1k\u016f. To p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159es 1 000 druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou uvedeny jako ohro\u017een\u00e9, a dal\u0161\u00edch 9 %, kter\u00e9 jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ohro\u017een\u00e9. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 druh\u016f je kriticky ohro\u017eeno, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jim hroz\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e9 riziko vyhynut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Klesaj\u00edc\u00ed populace<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokles populac\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f se neomezuje pouze na vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy. I b\u011b\u017en\u00ed pt\u00e1ci, jako jsou vla\u0161tovky a ji\u0159i\u010dky fialov\u00e9, miz\u00ed alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm tempem. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u011bchto dvou pt\u00e1k\u016f bylo v posledn\u00edch 20 letech vyhubeno 80 a\u017e 90 procent populace.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f jsou ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zm\u011bna klimatu. S t\u00edm, jak se rozvoj po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zintenziv\u0148uje, pt\u00e1ci ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed sv\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b. Zm\u011bna klimatu m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na populace pt\u00e1k\u016f, proto\u017ee m\u011bn\u00ed jejich potravinov\u00e9 zdroje a naru\u0161uje jejich rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed cykly.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ochrana pt\u00e1k\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at je v na\u0161ich sil\u00e1ch, ale vy\u017eaduje to koordinovan\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. N\u00e1klady na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed biologick\u00e9 rozmanitosti se odhaduj\u00ed na 80 miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, co\u017e je jedna dvacetina sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f na arm\u00e1du a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,1 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky. To je mal\u00e1 cena za ochranu drahocenn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f na\u0161\u00ed planety.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>V ochran\u011b pt\u00e1k\u016f existuje n\u011bkolik \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad velk\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd volavka byl kdysi na pokraji vyhynut\u00ed, ale d\u00edky ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed se jeho populace zotavila. To ukazuje, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 zachr\u00e1nit ohro\u017een\u00e9 druhy, ale vy\u017eaduje to odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed a prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopady zm\u011bny klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna klimatu p\u0159edstavuje velkou hrozbu pro pt\u00e1ky, proto\u017ee m\u011bn\u00ed jejich stanovi\u0161t\u011b a potravinov\u00e9 zdroje. Pt\u00e1ci jsou v\u016f\u010di zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00ed, proto\u017ee jsou velmi pohybliv\u00ed a pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jsou z\u00e1visl\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mnoho ta\u017en\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f je b\u011bhem sv\u00fdch dlouh\u00fdch cest z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch zast\u00e1vk\u00e1ch. Pokud tyto zast\u00e1vky v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu zaniknou, pt\u00e1ci nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopni dokon\u010dit svou migraci a jejich populace se m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed je dal\u0161\u00ed velkou hrozbou pro pt\u00e1ky. S t\u00edm, jak roste lidsk\u00e1 populace a roz\u0161i\u0159uje se rozvoj, pt\u00e1ci ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed sv\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v tropick\u00fdch de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou domovem \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f. Kdy\u017e jsou de\u0161tn\u00e9 pralesy vyk\u00e1ceny kv\u016fli t\u011b\u017eb\u011b d\u0159eva, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9mu rozvoji, pt\u00e1ci ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed sv\u00e9 domovy a zdroje potravy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed ochrany<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje \u0159ada v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze ud\u011blat pro ochranu pt\u00e1k\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ochrana a obnova p\u0159irozen\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165 pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu<\/li>\n<li>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti o v\u00fdznamu pt\u00e1k\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Podpora ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>P\u0159ijet\u00edm t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159isp\u011bt k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby budouc\u00ed generace mohly t\u011b\u0161it z kr\u00e1sy a z\u00e1zraku pt\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krize Stav pt\u00e1k\u016f ve sv\u011bt\u011b Podle ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy BirdLife International \u010del\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyhynut\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd osm\u00fd druh pt\u00e1k\u016f. To p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159es 1 000 druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[395,254,219,401,404,584,252,99,582,34,583],"class_list":["post-211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-biodiversity","tag-wildlife","tag-ecology","tag-conservation","tag-endangered-species","tag-ornithology","tag-nature","tag-lifescienceart","tag-bird-extinction","tag-climate-change","tag-habitat-loss"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=211"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":212,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/211\/revisions\/212"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}