{"id":2248,"date":"2020-02-02T15:55:28","date_gmt":"2020-02-02T15:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2248"},"modified":"2020-02-02T15:55:28","modified_gmt":"2020-02-02T15:55:28","slug":"history-of-mobile-phones-a-linguistic-adventure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/communication-technology\/history-of-mobile-phones-a-linguistic-adventure\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f: jazykov\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Historie mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f: jazykov\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Film \u201eEve’s Wireless\u201c: p\u0159\u00edpad chybn\u00e9 identity<\/h2>\n\n

N\u011bm\u00fd film \u201eEve’s Wireless\u201c z roku 1922 vyvolal zmatek ohledn\u011b existence ran\u00fdch mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f. P\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zobrazen\u00e9 ve filmu je ve skute\u010dnosti krystalov\u00fd p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d, nikoli mobiln\u00ed telefon.<\/p>\n\n

Krystalov\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de: p\u0159edch\u016fdci mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Krystalov\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de byly popul\u00e1rn\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed a fungovaly bez bateri\u00ed nebo elekt\u0159iny. M\u00edsto toho spol\u00e9haly na dlouh\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny a krystalov\u00e9 detektory k p\u0159\u00edjmu r\u00e1diov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f. \u201eBezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd telefon\u201c, o kter\u00e9m se zmi\u0148uje film \u201eEve’s Wireless\u201c, byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm pro krystalov\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdvoj radiov\u00e9 terminologie<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdraz \u201ebezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd telefon\u201c postupn\u011b vy\u0161el z u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ve 20. letech 20. stolet\u00ed s rozvojem r\u00e1diov\u00e9 technologie. V\u00fdbor pro nomenklaturu americk\u00e9ho ministerstva obchodu standardizoval r\u00e1diovou terminologii v roce 1922 a doporu\u010dil pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdraz \u201er\u00e1dio\u201c m\u00edsto \u201ebezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd\u201c. Tento p\u0159echod odr\u00e1\u017eel posun od komunikace typu bod-bod k vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovalo p\u0159enos sign\u00e1l\u016f do v\u00edce p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Role vakuov\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 technologie<\/h2>\n\n

Vakuov\u00e1 elektronick\u00e1 technologie sehr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli ve v\u00fdvoji vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. Vylep\u0161en\u00ed vakuov\u00fdch elektronek Edwinem Howardem Armstrongem v polovin\u011b 10. let 20. stolet\u00ed umo\u017enila v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zes\u00edlen\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f, co\u017e vedlo k p\u0159enosu \u010dist\u00fdch a siln\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/p>\n\n

Jazykov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy historick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed historick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 kv\u016fli zm\u011bn\u00e1m v jazyce a terminologii. Slova jako \u201ebezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd telefon\u201c mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy v z\u00e1vislosti na kontextu a \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. P\u0159i interpretaci v\u00fdraz\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 br\u00e1t v \u00favahu historick\u00fd kontext a vyhnout se p\u0159edpoklad\u016fm zalo\u017een\u00fdm na modern\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Ran\u00e9 experimenty s r\u00e1diovou komunikac\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V ran\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch r\u00e1dia experimentovali vyn\u00e1lezci s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi metodami komunikace. Jednou z t\u011bchto metod bylo pou\u017eit\u00ed de\u0161tn\u00edk\u016f jako r\u00e1diov\u00fdch ant\u00e9n. Tato praxe sah\u00e1 p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm do roku 1910 a byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k p\u0159\u00edjmu r\u00e1diov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f bez nutnosti velk\u00fdch a t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fdch ant\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00ednos \u017een k ran\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji r\u00e1dia<\/h2>\n\n

\u017deny sehr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli v ran\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji r\u00e1dia. Pracovaly jako telefonn\u00ed oper\u00e1torky, co\u017e bylo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro spojov\u00e1n\u00ed volaj\u00edc\u00edch, a pod\u00edlely se tak\u00e9 na rozhlasov\u00e9m vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. Film \u201eEve’s Wireless\u201c nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u00e1hled na zapojen\u00ed \u017een v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/p>\n\n

Jazykov\u00e9 triky historie<\/h2>\n\n

Historie n\u00e1m \u010dasto p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 jazykov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, proto\u017ee slova a fr\u00e1ze mohou v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu m\u011bnit sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam. V\u00fdraz \u201ebezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd telefon\u201c je hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem tohoto jevu. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si b\u00fdt v\u011bdom t\u011bchto jazykov\u00fdch zm\u011bn, abychom se vyhnuli nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu v\u00fdkladu historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost r\u00e1diov\u00e9 komunikace<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory pozoruhodn\u00e9mu pokroku v r\u00e1diov\u00e9 technologii od po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed je st\u00e1le prostor pro dal\u0161\u00ed inovace. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci neust\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak zlep\u0161it kvalitu sign\u00e1lu, zv\u00fd\u0161it \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku p\u00e1sma a vyvinout nov\u00e9 aplikace pro r\u00e1diovou komunikaci. S dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvojem technologi\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat je\u0161t\u011b vzru\u0161iv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v oblasti r\u00e1dia.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historie mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f: jazykov\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed Film \u201eEve’s Wireless\u201c: p\u0159\u00edpad chybn\u00e9 identity N\u011bm\u00fd film \u201eEve’s Wireless\u201c z roku 1922 vyvolal zmatek ohledn\u011b existence ran\u00fdch mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f. P\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4672],"tags":[3454,1145,4671,4670,4669,4668],"class_list":["post-2248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-communication-technology","tag-history-of-technology","tag-language-evolution","tag-linguistic-challenges","tag-crystal-radios","tag-mobile-phones","tag-radio-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2248"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2249,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2248\/revisions\/2249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}