{"id":2431,"date":"2024-09-15T05:54:35","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T05:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2431"},"modified":"2024-09-15T05:54:35","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T05:54:35","slug":"zelia-nuttall-mexican-archaeology-indigenous-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/zelia-nuttall-mexican-archaeology-indigenous-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Zelia Nuttall: Archeolo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1nila p\u016fvodn\u00ed mexick\u00e9 minulosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zelia Nuttall: Archeolo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 se zastala p\u016fvodn\u00ed mexick\u00e9 minulosti<\/h2>\n\n

Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Zelia Nuttall se narodila v San Franciscu v roce 1857 a vyr\u016fstala v privilegovan\u00e9 rodin\u011b se siln\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem o vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Ovl\u00e1dla n\u011bkolik jazyk\u016f a z\u00edskala rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed od soukrom\u00fdch u\u010ditel\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Cesta k archeologii<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttallina v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pro archeologii byla za\u017eehnuta b\u011bhem jej\u00edch cest s jej\u00edm prvn\u00edm man\u017eelem, pr\u016fzkumn\u00edkem a antropologem. Po jejich odlou\u010den\u00ed se v roce 1884 vydala na svou prvn\u00ed cestu do Mexika, kde provedla svou prvn\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou archeologickou studii.<\/p>\n\n

Zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed stereotyp\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla archeologie ovl\u00e1d\u00e1na mu\u017esk\u00fdmi pr\u016fzkumn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili stereotypn\u00ed pohledy na mezoamerick\u00e9 civilizace jako na divok\u00e9 a necivilizovan\u00e9. Nuttall tento narativ zpochybnila a tvrdila, \u017ee azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 civilizace byla vysoce sofistikovan\u00e1 a zaslou\u017e\u00ed si uzn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k mexick\u00e9 archeologii<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttallina pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce se zam\u011b\u0159ila na studium terakotov\u00fdch hlav nalezen\u00fdch v Teotihuac\u00e1nu. Dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee tyto hlavy byly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vytvo\u0159eny Azt\u00e9ky v dob\u011b \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edstavovaly portr\u00e9ty jednotlivc\u016f. Tato studie j\u00ed vynesla uzn\u00e1n\u00ed jako \u010destn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed asistentky v mexick\u00e9 archeologii v Peabodyho muzeu na Harvardu.<\/p>\n\n

Obnova star\u00fdch mexick\u00fdch text\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall se v\u011bnovala obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch mexick\u00fdch text\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly odvezeny z Mexika a zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1ny. Jej\u00edm nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem bylo vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Codex Nuttall, faksimile star\u00e9ho mexick\u00e9ho rukopisu obsahuj\u00edc\u00edho piktogramy a historick\u00e9 poznatky.<\/p>\n\n

Nacionalistick\u00e1 politika a p\u016fvodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttallina archeologick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed mexick\u00e9 identity a podpo\u0159e hrdosti na p\u016fvodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b. Tvrdil, \u017ee modern\u00ed Mexi\u010dan\u00e9 jsou potomky azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a zpochybnil p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed minulost by mohla br\u00e1nit pokroku Mexika.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch hranic<\/h2>\n\n

Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch archeolog\u016f nebyla Nuttall form\u00e1ln\u011b napojena na \u017e\u00e1dnou instituci. Tato nez\u00e1vislost j\u00ed umo\u017enila v\u011bnovat se v\u00fdzkumu, a\u0165 u\u017e ji zavedl kamkoli, co\u017e j\u00ed poskytlo bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed svobodu a flexibilitu.<\/p>\n\n

Odkaz Zelie Nuttall<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall\u016fv odkaz spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9m stipendiu, neochv\u011bjn\u00e9m obhajov\u00e1n\u00ed mexick\u00e9 kultury a s\u00edle archeologie formovat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce i dnes inspiruje archeology a v\u011bdce.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam archeologie p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed mexick\u00e9 identity<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall\u016fv archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum pomohl p\u0159etvo\u0159it zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm Mexi\u010dan\u00e9 vn\u00edmali svou vlastn\u00ed historii a kulturu. Zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 civilizace podkopala p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed stereotypy a pos\u00edlila pocit hrdosti na p\u016fvodn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm \u010delily archeolo\u017eky na konci 19. stolet\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Jako \u017eena v mu\u017esk\u00e9m oboru \u010delila Nuttall zna\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. P\u0159es sv\u016fj pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum byla \u010dasto odm\u00edt\u00e1na jako “amat\u00e9rsk\u00e1” archeolo\u017eka. P\u0159esto vytrvala a p\u0159isp\u011bla do sv\u00e9ho oboru v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n\n

Role archeologie p\u0159i podpo\u0159e kulturn\u00edho porozum\u011bn\u00ed a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee archeologie m\u016f\u017ee podporovat kulturn\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na mezoamerick\u00fdch civilizac\u00edch pomohla osv\u011btlit bohatou historii a rozmanitost t\u011bchto kultur a podpo\u0159ila v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed jejich v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n\n

Souvislost mezi archeologi\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdost\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttalliny archeologick\u00e9 objevy sehr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed mexick\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdosti. Demonstrac\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f azt\u00e9ck\u00e9 civilizace pomohla inspirovat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu a hrdosti na domorod\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eitost zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a oslavy domorod\u00fdch tradic<\/h2>\n\n

Nuttall byla v\u00e1\u0161nivou zast\u00e1nkyn\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a oslavy domorod\u00fdch tradic. V\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee tyto tradice jsou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mexick\u00e9 identity a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt ocen\u011bny a p\u0159ed\u00e1ny budouc\u00edm generac\u00edm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zelia Nuttall: Archeolo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 se zastala p\u016fvodn\u00ed mexick\u00e9 minulosti Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed Zelia Nuttall se narodila v San Franciscu v roce 1857 a vyr\u016fstala v privilegovan\u00e9 rodin\u011b se siln\u00fdm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,1066,89,1034,4952,211],"class_list":["post-2431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-indigenous-history","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-mexico","tag-mesoamerica","tag-women-in-stem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2431"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24349,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2431\/revisions\/24349"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}