{"id":2495,"date":"2020-09-07T05:44:24","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T05:44:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2495"},"modified":"2020-09-07T05:44:24","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T05:44:24","slug":"dinosaur-brain-reconstruction-early-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/paleontology\/dinosaur-brain-reconstruction-early-evolution\/","title":{"rendered":"Rekonstrukce mozku dinosaura o velikosti hr\u00e1\u0161ku: \u00da\u017easn\u00fd objev"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum rekonstruuje mozek dinosaura o velikosti hr\u00e1\u0161ku<\/h2>\n\n

Objev dob\u0159e zachovan\u00e9 lebky<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci rekonstruovali mozek ran\u00e9ho dinosaura, Buriolestes schultzi<\/em>, d\u00edky objevu fos\u00edlie s neobvykle dob\u0159e zachovanou lebkou. Lebka pat\u0159ila maso\u017erav\u00e9mu zv\u00ed\u0159eti o velikosti li\u0161ky, kter\u00e9 \u017eilo v oblasti dne\u0161n\u00ed Braz\u00edlie asi p\u0159ed 230 miliony let.<\/p>\n\n

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 tomografie odhaluje strukturu mozku<\/h2>\n\n

Pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 tomografie (CT) mohli v\u011bdci zmapovat tvar mozkovny a ur\u010dit, jak by se mozek do n\u00ed ve\u0161el. Podrobnosti tvaru lebky poskytly vod\u00edtka k velikosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch mozkov\u00fdch struktur.<\/p>\n\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty<\/h2>\n\n

Mozek Buriolestes<\/em> m\u011bl podobnou strukturu jako mozek krokod\u00fdla, se zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bnovanou zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zrakov\u00fdch informac\u00ed a relativn\u011b malou \u010dichu. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, li\u0161ka podobn\u00e9 velikosti m\u00e1 mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mozek o hmotnosti 53 gram\u016f ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s 1,5 gramy u Buriolestes<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdvoj mozku dinosaura<\/h2>\n\n

Pozd\u011bji se potomci Buriolestes<\/em> vyvinuli v obrovsk\u00e9, b\u00fdlo\u017erav\u00e9 sauropody. Zat\u00edmco dinosau\u0159i rostli, jejich mozky nedr\u017eely krok. Sauropodi jako Brontosaurus<\/em> m\u011bli mozky o velikosti tenisov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010dku, p\u0159esto\u017ee jejich hmotnost dosahovala a\u017e 100 tun a d\u00e9lka 110 stop. Tento trend je neobvykl\u00fd, proto\u017ee evoluce obvykle up\u0159ednost\u0148uje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mozky v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n\n

Senzorick\u00e9 adaptace<\/h2>\n\n

Nov\u00e1 studie tak\u00e9 odhalila zm\u011bny ve struktu\u0159e mozku mezi Buriolestes<\/em> a sauropody. Zat\u00edmco Buriolestes<\/em> m\u011bl mal\u00e9 \u010dichov\u00e9 laloky, sauropodi je m\u011bli velk\u00e9, co\u017e nazna\u010duje zlep\u0161en\u00fd \u010dich v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. Tento v\u00fdvoj m\u016f\u017ee souviset se z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zlep\u0161en\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy.<\/p>\n\n

Zrak a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee zrakov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo pro Buriolestes<\/em> jako lovce z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee musel sledovat ko\u0159ist a vyh\u00fdbat se v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm maso\u017eravc\u016fm. Naproti tomu sauropodi, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u017eivili pouze rostlinami, m\u011bli men\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebu ostr\u00e9ho zraku. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed maso\u017erav\u00ed dinosau\u0159i, jako byli velocirapto\u0159i a Tyrannosaurus rex<\/em>, m\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mozky ne\u017e Buriolestes<\/em>, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jejich pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed loveck\u00e9 strategie.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam objevu<\/h2>\n\n

Nov\u00e1 studie poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o ran\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji mozku a senzorick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f dinosaur\u016f. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam zachovan\u00fdch dinosau\u0159\u00edch lebek ve v\u00fdzkumu mozku a osv\u011btluje vztah mezi velikost\u00ed mozku, velikost\u00ed t\u011bla a chov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto prehistorick\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum rekonstruuje mozek dinosaura o velikosti hr\u00e1\u0161ku Objev dob\u0159e zachovan\u00e9 lebky V\u011bdci rekonstruovali mozek ran\u00e9ho dinosaura, Buriolestes schultzi, d\u00edky objevu fos\u00edlie s neobvykle dob\u0159e zachovanou lebkou. Lebka pat\u0159ila maso\u017erav\u00e9mu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[134,136,239,1579,99],"class_list":["post-2495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-dinosaurs","tag-evolution","tag-fossils","tag-neuroscience","tag-lifescienceart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2495"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2496,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2495\/revisions\/2496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}