Vypuknut\u00ed mal\u00e1rie v etiopsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Dire Dawa bylo spojeno s invazivn\u00edm druhem kom\u00e1ra Anopheles stephensi. Tento druh, kter\u00fd poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Asie, je hlavn\u00edm \u0161i\u0159itelem mal\u00e1rie ve sv\u00e9m domovsk\u00e9m regionu a nyn\u00ed se usazuje pod\u00e9l v\u00fdchodn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Afriky.<\/p>\n\n
Tradi\u010dn\u011b byla mal\u00e1rie v Africe omezena na venkovsk\u00e9 oblasti a obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f. Av\u0161ak Anopheles stephensi dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt obdob\u00ed sucha a da\u0159\u00ed se mu v hust\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou hrozbu pro obyvatele m\u011bst.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci sledovali pacienty s mal\u00e1ri\u00ed v Dire Dawa a hledali kom\u00e1ry pobl\u00ed\u017e jejich domov\u016f. Zjistili, \u017ee 97 % odchycen\u00fdch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch kom\u00e1r\u016f bylo Anopheles stephensi a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z odchycen\u00fdch neinvazivn\u00edch kom\u00e1r\u016f nenese parazity zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed mal\u00e1rii.<\/p>\n\n
Anopheles stephensi je rezistentn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di mnoha b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm insekticid\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm v Africe a dok\u00e1\u017ee se vyhnout metod\u00e1m kontroly, jako jsou moskyti\u00e9ry a vnit\u0159n\u00ed post\u0159iky. To zt\u011b\u017euje kontrolu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoci.<\/p>\n\n
O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost Anopheles stephensi v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru p\u0159enosu mal\u00e1rie. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee dom\u00e1cnosti s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi zdroji vody m\u011bly 3,4kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee budou m\u00edt obyvatele s pozitivn\u00edm testem na mal\u00e1rii.<\/p>\n\n
K boji proti mal\u00e1rii tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159 tomuto invazivn\u00edmu druhu jsou pot\u0159eba inovativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy. Jednou ze strategi\u00ed by mohla b\u00fdt l\u00e9\u010dba hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at insekticidy, proto\u017ee Anopheles stephensi se \u017eiv\u00ed dobytkem. Zakryt\u00ed a odstran\u011bn\u00ed nepot\u0159ebn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob na uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vody m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00edsta pro rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kom\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) doporu\u010dila vakc\u00ednu proti mal\u00e1rii pro d\u011bti v zem\u00edch s vysokou m\u00edrou p\u0159enosu. P\u0159esto\u017ee se \u00fa\u010dinek t\u00e9to vakc\u00edny st\u00e1le hodnot\u00ed, mohla by potenci\u00e1ln\u011b hr\u00e1t roli p\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159enosu mal\u00e1rie.<\/p>\n\n
Odborn\u00edci varuj\u00ed, \u017ee pokud se Anopheles stephensi v Africe usad\u00ed, d\u016fsledky mohou b\u00fdt zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159enos mal\u00e1rie v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblastech by mohl v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu nemocnosti a \u00famrtnosti, zejm\u00e9na mezi zraniteln\u00fdmi skupinami obyvatel, jako jsou d\u011bti do p\u011bti let.<\/p>\n\n
Vypuknut\u00ed mal\u00e1rie v Etiopii zd\u016fraz\u0148uje hrozbu, kterou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed invazivn\u00ed druhy kom\u00e1r\u016f. Je nal\u00e9hav\u011b zapot\u0159eb\u00ed p\u0159ijmout inovativn\u00ed strategie k regulaci \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Anopheles stephensi a zabr\u00e1nit ni\u010div\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm m\u011bstsk\u00e9 mal\u00e1rie v Africe.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00fdskyt mal\u00e1rie v Etiopii souvis\u00ed s invazivn\u00edm druhem kom\u00e1ra Invazivn\u00ed kom\u00e1r ohro\u017euje m\u011bstskou mal\u00e1rii v Africe Vypuknut\u00ed mal\u00e1rie v etiopsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Dire Dawa bylo spojeno s invazivn\u00edm druhem kom\u00e1ra Anopheles…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[1317,286,4824,3706,5070],"class_list":["post-2500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicine","tag-africa","tag-invasive-species","tag-mosquitoes","tag-malaria","tag-urban-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2500"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2501,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2500\/revisions\/2501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}