Sarah Fieldingov\u00e1 se narodila v roce 1710 do sedmi\u010dlenn\u00e9 rodiny. P\u0159es finan\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my sv\u00e9ho otce, kter\u00e9 nakonec vedly k jeho uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed, z\u00edskala Fieldingov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed intern\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0161kole. Pozd\u011bji si sv\u00e9 znalosti roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila samostudiem, nau\u010dila se ps\u00e1t liter\u00e1rn\u00ed kritiku a \u010d\u00edst \u0159ecky a latinsky.<\/p>\n\n
Proto\u017ee se Fieldingov\u00e1 nemohla spolehnout na sv\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed ani na charitu p\u0159\u00e1tel, obr\u00e1tila se na psan\u00ed jako na prost\u0159edek ob\u017eivy. Jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed rom\u00e1n, “Dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed Davida Simpleho”, vydan\u00fd v roce 1744, byl kritick\u00fdm i komer\u010dn\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchem. Fieldingov\u00e1 se ve sv\u00e9m psan\u00ed \u010dasto zab\u00fdvala d\u00edly mu\u017esk\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f, jako byl Samuel Richardson, co\u017e j\u00ed vyneslo jejich respekt a chv\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n
Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edlem Fieldingov\u00e9 byla “Guvernantka”, vydan\u00e1 v roce 1749. Tento rom\u00e1n byl prvn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu, ur\u010den\u00fd speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro d\u011bti a zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd k podpo\u0159e \u017eensk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 tituln\u00ed postavy, pan\u00ed Teachumov\u00e9, “Guvernantka” p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 lekce o p\u0159ijateln\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed a osobn\u00edm r\u016fstu a povzbuzuje d\u00edvky, aby p\u011bstovaly ctnosti, jako je soucit, pokora a vytrvalost.<\/p>\n\n
Jako \u017eensk\u00e1 autorka v 18. stolet\u00ed \u010delila Fieldingov\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m. \u017deny m\u011bly obecn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e mu\u017ei a o\u010dek\u00e1valo se od nich, \u017ee se budou soust\u0159edit na dom\u00e1c\u00ed povinnosti. Fieldingov\u00e1 v\u0161ak sv\u00fdm psan\u00edm prok\u00e1zala svou inteligenci a zpochybnila spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n\n
Fieldingov\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017een. Tvrdil, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u017eeny u\u010dinit “moud\u0159ej\u0161\u00edmi a lep\u0161\u00edmi”, co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed \u010dinit informovan\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed a p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke spole\u010dnosti. Vytvo\u0159en\u00edm “Guvernantky” doufala Fieldingov\u00e1, \u017ee inspiruje d\u00edvky, aby usilovaly o sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a rozv\u00edjely sv\u00e9 intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Fieldingov\u00e1 se ve sv\u00e9m psan\u00ed \u010dasto vyrovn\u00e1vala s nap\u011bt\u00edm mezi \u017eenskou nez\u00e1vislost\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fdm o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm man\u017eelstv\u00ed a dom\u00e1cnosti. P\u0159esto\u017ee povzbuzovala \u017eeny, aby byly vzd\u011blan\u00e9 a sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e9, uzn\u00e1vala tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitost nalezen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho man\u017eela. Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eelo slo\u017eit\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 reality Anglie 18. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
“Guvernantka” byla obrovsk\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem a z\u016fstala v tisku v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 let. Sehr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli ve v\u00fdvoji d\u011btsk\u00e9 literatury a pomohla utv\u00e1\u0159et my\u0161lenky o \u017eensk\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edlo Fieldingov\u00e9 bylo v posledn\u00edch letech znovuobjeveno a oslavov\u00e1no a inspiruje v\u011bdce i \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n
Psan\u00ed Fieldingov\u00e9, spolu s tvorbou dal\u0161\u00edch \u017eensk\u00fdch autorek 18. stolet\u00ed, sehr\u00e1lo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed modern\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed. My\u0161lenky formulovan\u00e9 v tomto obdob\u00ed polo\u017eily z\u00e1klady mnoha na\u0161ich instituc\u00ed a hodnot, v\u010detn\u011b na\u0161eho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a na\u0161ich pojm\u016f o pr\u00e1ci a rovnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Mnoho let byly p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky \u017eensk\u00fdch spisovatelek jako Sarah Fieldingov\u00e1 p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeny nebo odm\u00edt\u00e1ny. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed pracuj\u00ed na n\u00e1prav\u011b t\u00e9to historick\u00e9 zaujatosti a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamu jejich pr\u00e1ce. Zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00edm role \u017eensk\u00fdch autorek v 18. stolet\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed krajiny t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sarah Fieldingov\u00e1: Pr\u016fkopnice \u017eensk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a d\u011btsk\u00e9 literatury Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed Sarah Fieldingov\u00e1 se narodila v roce 1710 do sedmi\u010dlenn\u00e9 rodiny. P\u0159es finan\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my sv\u00e9ho otce, kter\u00e9 nakonec vedly…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23496,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1513],"tags":[5084,1734,169,5085,5083],"class_list":["post-2515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-18th-century","tag-childrens-literature","tag-womens-history","tag-literary-trailblazer","tag-female-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2515","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2515"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2516,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2515\/revisions\/2516"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}