{"id":2559,"date":"2020-02-12T09:45:52","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T09:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2559"},"modified":"2020-02-12T09:45:52","modified_gmt":"2020-02-12T09:45:52","slug":"top-ten-myths-about-the-brain-debunked","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/neuroscience\/top-ten-myths-about-the-brain-debunked\/","title":{"rendered":"Deset m\u00fdt\u016f o mozku, kter\u00fdm u\u017e byste nem\u011bli v\u011b\u0159it"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deset nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f o mozku<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pouze 10 procent na\u0161eho mozku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tento m\u00fdtus se \u010dasto opakuje v popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee m\u00e1me obrovsk\u00e9 nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly. Sn\u00edmky mozku v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee i jednoduch\u00e9 \u00fakoly zapojuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu mozku. Z evolu\u010dn\u00edho hlediska by ned\u00e1valo smysl nosit s sebou p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou mozkovou tk\u00e1\u0148.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u201eVzpom\u00ednky na blesk\u201c jsou p\u0159esn\u00e9 a nem\u011bnn\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vzpom\u00ednky na \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed nebo dramatick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti \u010dasto p\u016fsob\u00ed \u017eiv\u011b a p\u0159esn\u011b. Experimenty v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto vzpom\u00ednky \u010dasem sl\u00e1bnou a zkresluj\u00ed se, stejn\u011b jako jin\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Po \u010dty\u0159ic\u00edtce jde v\u0161echno z kopce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti s v\u011bkem klesaj\u00ed, jin\u00e9 se zlep\u0161uj\u00ed. Slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed moudrost a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed regulace se s v\u011bkem obvykle zlep\u0161uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. M\u00e1me p\u011bt smysl\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b zraku, \u010dichu, sluchu, chuti a hmatu m\u00e1me mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch smysl\u016f, jako je propriocepce (poloha t\u011bla), nocicepce (bolest) a rovnov\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Mozky jsou jako po\u010d\u00edta\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tato metafora nedok\u00e1\u017ee zachytit slo\u017eitost a plasticitu mozku. Mozek nem\u00e1 nastavenou kapacitu pam\u011bti ani nevykon\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdpo\u010dty stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Mozek je pevn\u011b zapojen<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco mozek m\u00e1 standardn\u00ed organizaci a p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 neuronov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, je pozoruhodn\u011b plastick\u00fd. Nov\u00e9 dovednosti, zran\u011bn\u00ed a zku\u0161enosti mohou mozek p\u0159eprogramovat.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u00dader do hlavy m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit amn\u00e9zii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b je amn\u00e9zie zp\u016fsobena po\u0161kozen\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch oblast\u00ed mozku, jako je hipokampus. Poran\u011bn\u00ed hlavy selektivn\u011b neohro\u017euje autobiografickou pam\u011b\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. V\u00edme, co n\u00e1s ud\u011bl\u00e1 \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdmi<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u010casto p\u0159ece\u0148ujeme \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m p\u0159inesou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1losti. Pen\u00edze, samota a voln\u00fd \u010das nejsou tak uspokojiv\u00e9, jak o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, zat\u00edmco soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy a odolnost n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vyrovnat se s protivenstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Vid\u00edme sv\u011bt takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd je<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta nen\u00ed pasivn\u00ed, ale aktivn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovan\u00e9 na\u0161imi o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edmi a interpretacemi. Hled\u00e1me vzorce, m\u011bn\u00edme nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny na zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme detaily, kter\u00e9 neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Mu\u017ei jsou z Marsu, \u017eeny z Venu\u0161e<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tvrzen\u00ed o biologick\u00fdch rozd\u00edlech ve struktu\u0159e a funkci mozku mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami byla z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vyvr\u00e1cena. Rozd\u00edly v kognitivn\u00edch schopnostech mezi pohlav\u00edmi jsou \u010dasto p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 a ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 stereotypy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed obsah<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plasticita mozku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Schopnost mozku m\u011bnit se a p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat se po cel\u00fd \u017eivot je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako plasticita. To n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje nau\u010dit se nov\u00e9 dovednosti, zotavit se z poran\u011bn\u00ed mozku a kompenzovat ztracenou mozkovou tk\u00e1\u0148.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurov\u011bda<\/h2>\n\n<p>Neurov\u011bda je v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studium nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, v\u010detn\u011b mozku. Pokroky v neurov\u011bd\u00e1ch n\u00e1m pomohly pochopit strukturu, funkci a poruchy mozku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zdrav\u00ed mozku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Udr\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho mozku zahrnuje zapojen\u00ed do kognitivn\u00edch aktivit, dostate\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00e1nek a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed stresu. Zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl m\u016f\u017ee podporovat zdrav\u00ed mozku a zabr\u00e1nit kognitivn\u00edmu \u00fapadku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Poruchy mozku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Poruchy mozku jsou stavy, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed strukturu nebo funkci mozku. Tyto poruchy se mohou pohybovat od m\u00edrn\u00fdch po z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 a mohou zahrnovat demenci, Alzheimerovu chorobu a Parkinsonovu chorobu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tajemstv\u00ed mozku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Navzdory pokroku v neurov\u011bd\u00e1ch z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mozku z\u00e1hadou. V\u011bdci neust\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku a odhaluj\u00ed jeho tajemstv\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deset nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f o mozku 1. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pouze 10 procent na\u0161eho mozku Tento m\u00fdtus se \u010dasto opakuje v popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e a nazna\u010duje, \u017ee m\u00e1me obrovsk\u00e9 nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly. Sn\u00edmky mozku&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[411],"tags":[2508,2140,5150,3209,1579],"class_list":["post-2559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-neuroscience","tag-cognitive-science","tag-brain","tag-misconceptions","tag-myths","tag-neuroscience"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2559"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2560,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2559\/revisions\/2560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}