{"id":2716,"date":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","date_gmt":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2716"},"modified":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-04T08:24:04","slug":"nylon-stockings-wartime-rationing-nylon-riots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/fashion-and-beauty\/nylon-stockings-wartime-rationing-nylon-riots\/","title":{"rendered":"Nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy: Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o v\u00e1lce, bou\u0159\u00edch a \u017eensk\u00e9 emancipaci"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy: Historie v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edd\u011blu a nylonov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Vyn\u00e1lez nylonu<\/h2>\n\n

Nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy se poprv\u00e9 objevily ve Wilmingtonu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Delaware v roce 1939, a to d\u00edky vyn\u00e1lezu nylonu Wallacem Humem Carothersem, chemikem pracuj\u00edc\u00edm pro firmu DuPont. Nylon, syntetick\u00e1 tkanina vyroben\u00e1 z \u201euhl\u00edku, vody a vzduchu\u201c, si rychle z\u00edskala oblibu d\u00edky sv\u00fdm elastick\u00fdm, odoln\u00fdm a omyvateln\u00fdm vlastnostem.<\/p>\n\n

Vzestup nylonov\u00fdch pun\u010doch<\/h2>\n\n

Jak se ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed sukn\u011b zkracovaly, staly se pun\u010dochy nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u00e1msk\u00e9ho \u0161atn\u00edku. Nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy s jejich lep\u0161\u00edmi vlastnostmi rychle nahradily hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a rayon jako preferovanou volbu. Chytr\u00e1 marketingov\u00e1 kampa\u0148 spole\u010dnosti DuPont, kter\u00e1 propagovala nylon jako \u201ebez zatrh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c (nuron hl\u00e1skovan\u00e9 pozp\u00e1tku), d\u00e1le podn\u00edtila popt\u00e1vku.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m za v\u00e1lky<\/h2>\n\n

Vypuknut\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1941 v\u0161ak n\u00e1hle ukon\u010dilo \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed nylonov\u00fdch pun\u010doch. Nylon byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nezbytn\u00fd pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b pad\u00e1k\u016f, kord\u016f pneumatik a dal\u0161\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb. V d\u016fsledku toho byly nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00e1ny, tak\u017ee \u017eeny se musely uch\u00fdlit k tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm, aby vylep\u0161ily kr\u00e1su sv\u00fdch nohou, nap\u0159\u00edklad malovan\u00fdmi pun\u010dochami.<\/p>\n\n

Nylonov\u00e9 bou\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n

Po v\u00e1lce se nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy vr\u00e1tily do obchod\u016f s vervou. V roce 1945 vypukly \u201enylonov\u00e9 bou\u0159e\u201c po cel\u00e9 zemi, kdy\u017e stovky tis\u00edc \u017een st\u00e1ly frontu, aby si koupily \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 pun\u010dochy. Situace vyvrcholila v Pittsburghu, kde v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 000 lid\u00ed st\u00e1lo frontu p\u0159es m\u00edli na 13 000 p\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Odkaz nylonov\u00fdch pun\u010doch<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159es v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ne\u00fasp\u011bchy z\u016fstal nylon obl\u00edbenou volbou pro pun\u010dochov\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed. Ne\u00fanavn\u00e1 propagace ze strany spole\u010dnosti DuPont a spolupr\u00e1ce s p\u0159edn\u00edmi m\u00f3dn\u00edmi n\u00e1vrh\u00e1\u0159i zajistily jeho trval\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch. Nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy se staly symbolem emancipace a osvobozen\u00ed americk\u00fdch \u017een.<\/p>\n\n

Nylon v modern\u00edm oble\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Dnes se nylon st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b pun\u010doch, pun\u010dochov\u00fdch kalhot a podkolenek. Jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost v m\u00f3dn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu v\u0161ak poklesla kv\u016fli n\u00e1stupu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch tkanin. Odolnost a v\u0161estrannost nylonu na\u0161la nov\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v kuchyn\u00edch, koupeln\u00e1ch a kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v podob\u011b plastov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed obavy<\/h2>\n\n

Ekologick\u00fd dopad v\u00fdroby nylonu se stal rostouc\u00ed obavou. Jako biologicky nerozlo\u017eiteln\u00fd materi\u00e1l p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 nylon k plastov\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost DuPont tento probl\u00e9m uznala a zkoum\u00e1 zp\u016fsoby, jak u\u010dinit nylon udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy: Historie v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edd\u011blu a nylonov\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed Vyn\u00e1lez nylonu Nylonov\u00e9 pun\u010dochy se poprv\u00e9 objevily ve Wilmingtonu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Delaware v roce 1939, a to d\u00edky vyn\u00e1lezu nylonu Wallacem Humem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2138],"tags":[1188,5420,5418,594,5419],"class_list":["post-2716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fashion-and-beauty","tag-fashion-history","tag-nylon-riots","tag-nylon-stockings","tag-womens-empowerment","tag-wartime-rationing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2716"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2717,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2716\/revisions\/2717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}