{"id":2736,"date":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","date_gmt":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2736"},"modified":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","modified_gmt":"2019-07-27T21:03:25","slug":"shoe-rationing-during-world-war-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/shoe-rationing-during-world-war-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na obuv za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky: Historick\u00e1 perspektiva"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na obuv za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky: Historick\u00e1 perspektiva<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pozad\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zavedla americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, aby \u0159\u00eddila distribuci nezbytn\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b obuvi. Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo nezbytn\u00e9 kv\u016fli zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce po k\u016f\u017ei a pry\u017ei pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd program<\/h2>\n\n<p>V \u00fanoru 1943 \u00da\u0159ad pro cenovou spr\u00e1vu (OPA) ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 budou pot\u0159ebovat kupony k n\u00e1kupu obuvi. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 osoba obdr\u017eela t\u0159i kupony ro\u010dn\u011b s v\u00fdjimkami pro ur\u010dit\u00e1 povol\u00e1n\u00ed a okolnosti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad na spot\u0159ebitele<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na obuv m\u011bl v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na americk\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitele. Museli pe\u010dliv\u011b zva\u017eovat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1kupy a \u010dasto se rozhodovali pro odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obuv. Program tak\u00e9 vedl ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce po pou\u017eit\u00e9 obuvi a obuvi vyroben\u00e9 z nep\u0159id\u011blovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou plasty a pls\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obavy a kritika<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd program \u010delil ur\u010dit\u00e9 kritice. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrdili, \u017ee povzbuzoval spot\u0159ebitele, aby pl\u00fdtvali sv\u00fdmi kupony na nepot\u0159ebn\u00e9 n\u00e1kupy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b fotografick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina nakupuj\u00edc\u00edch se chovala zodpov\u011bdn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cinnost na \u010dern\u00e9m trhu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Navzdory p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu vznikl \u010dern\u00fd trh s obuv\u00ed. Bezohledn\u00ed majitel\u00e9 obchod\u016f a p\u0159ekupn\u00edci prod\u00e1vali kupony a obuv neleg\u00e1ln\u011b. Tato \u010dinnost podkop\u00e1vala \u00fa\u010dinnost programu a vyvol\u00e1vala nevoli mezi spot\u0159ebiteli, kte\u0159\u00ed pravidla dodr\u017eovali.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kreativn\u00ed obch\u00e1zen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 na\u0161li kreativn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak obej\u00edt p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00e9 restrikce. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nakupovali obuv v bazarech nebo ji nechali opravit. Jin\u00ed se uch\u00fdlili k metod\u00e1m kutilstv\u00ed, jako byla v\u00fdroba obuvi z nep\u0159id\u011blovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konec p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na obuv trval v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i roky a skon\u010dil v \u0159\u00edjnu 1945. \u0160\u00e9f OPA Chester Bowles jej ozna\u010dil za \u00fasp\u011bch s t\u00edm, \u017ee zajistil spravedlivou distribuci obuvi v dob\u011b nedostatku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na obuv za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky m\u011bl trval\u00fd dopad na americk\u00fd obuvnick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. P\u0159inutil v\u00fdrobce inovovat a vyv\u00edjet nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a ovlivnil m\u00f3dn\u00ed trendy na mnoho let dop\u0159edu. Program tak\u00e9 slou\u017eil jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka ob\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 ochotni p\u0159in\u00e9st na podporu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd program se t\u00fdkal tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00edho nezbytn\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, jako bylo maso, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, cukr, benz\u00edn a pneumatiky.<\/li>\n<li>Japonsk\u00e1 kontrola jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, kde se vyr\u00e1b\u011bla v\u011bt\u0161ina sv\u011btov\u00e9 pry\u017ee, p\u0159isp\u011bla k nedostatku pry\u017ee pro v\u00fdrobu obuvi.<\/li>\n<li>OPA ulo\u017eila v\u00fdrobc\u016fm obuvi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy, kter\u00e9 omezovaly barvy, styly a materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity.<\/li>\n<li>Navzdory p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 i nad\u00e1le nach\u00e1zeli zp\u016fsoby, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it svou individualitu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 volby obuvi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na obuv za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky: Historick\u00e1 perspektiva Pozad\u00ed B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky zavedla americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159\u00edd\u011blov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, aby \u0159\u00eddila distribuci nezbytn\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b obuvi. Toto opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5454,5453,56,27,2696,5451,5452],"class_list":["post-2736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-black-market","tag-consumer-behavior","tag-world-war-ii","tag-history","tag-fashion","tag-rationing","tag-shoes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2737,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2736\/revisions\/2737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}