{"id":274,"date":"2020-01-31T05:05:11","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T05:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=274"},"modified":"2020-01-31T05:05:11","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T05:05:11","slug":"rising-sea-levels-threaten-mediterranean-historical-sites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/rising-sea-levels-threaten-mediterranean-historical-sites\/","title":{"rendered":"Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladina mo\u0159e ohro\u017euje historick\u00e9 poklady St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladina mo\u0159e ohro\u017euje historick\u00e9 poklady St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historick\u00e1 m\u00edsta v ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e je domovem \u0159ady v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch m\u00edst kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, od starov\u011bk\u00e9ho f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Tyros a\u017e po malebn\u00e9 uli\u010dky chorvatsk\u00e9ho Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta v Dubrovn\u00edku. Tato v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 m\u00edsta v\u0161ak \u010del\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 hrozb\u011b ze strany stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159e a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed eroze.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie identifikovala 47 pam\u00e1tek sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, kter\u00e9 jsou vystaveny bezprost\u0159edn\u00edmu riziku z\u00e1plav nebo eroze. B\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 100 let by 37 z t\u011bchto m\u00edst mohlo b\u00fdt zna\u010dn\u011b po\u0161kozeno stoletou bou\u0159\u00ed, zat\u00edmco 42 je ji\u017e ohro\u017eeno pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed eroz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopady stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n<p>Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladina mo\u0159e je zp\u016fsobena t\u00e1n\u00edm ledovc\u016f a ledov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkrov\u016f v d\u016fsledku glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jak se oce\u00e1ny roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed a otepluj\u00ed, vyv\u00edjej\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlak na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti, co\u017e vede k z\u00e1plav\u00e1m a erozi.<\/p>\n\n<p>V oblasti St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee hladina mo\u0159e do roku 2100 stoupne o 50 %, co\u017e ohroz\u00ed mnoho historick\u00fdch m\u00edst. Studie zjistila, \u017ee i za konzervativn\u00edch progn\u00f3z je ohro\u017eeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % zkouman\u00fdch m\u00edst a podm\u00ednky se budou nad\u00e1le zhor\u0161ovat.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Eroze a z\u00e1plavy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed eroze nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e vlny a proudy naru\u0161uj\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee \u00fatesy se hrout\u00ed a pl\u00e1\u017ee miz\u00ed. Ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed je eroze obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 v oblastech s m\u011bkk\u00fdmi, p\u00eds\u010dit\u00fdmi pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Z\u00e1plavy jsou dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou hrozbou pro pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed m\u00edsta kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Jak hladina mo\u0159e stoup\u00e1, bou\u0159kov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlivy a vysok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlivy mohou zaplavit n\u00edzko polo\u017een\u00e9 oblasti a po\u0161kodit budovy a infrastrukturu. V Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v nejhor\u0161\u00edm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i zaplaveno a\u017e 98 % m\u011bsta a jeho brakick\u00e9 laguny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zranitelnost st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch lokalit<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladin\u011b mo\u0159e a erozi, proto\u017ee ran\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 civilizace se usadily v bl\u00edzkosti vody. Po stalet\u00ed byla tato bl\u00edzkost k mo\u0159i zdrojem prosperity a kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny. Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu pro kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed regionu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ochrana historick\u00fdch m\u00edst St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ed stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladinou mo\u0159e a eroz\u00ed vy\u017eaduje inovativn\u00ed adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u011bsta, jako jsou Ben\u00e1tky, ji\u017e instalovala pono\u0159en\u00e1 stavidla v boji proti z\u00e1plav\u00e1m. Takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou v\u0161ak n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 a mohou poskytnout pouze omezenou ochranu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Dlouhodob\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed budou vy\u017eadovat kombinaci p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obnoven\u00ed a ochrana p\u0159irozen\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed obrany, jako jsou mok\u0159ady a p\u00edse\u010dn\u00e9 duny<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zraniteln\u00fdch staveb a infrastruktury z ohro\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Implementace udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fdy, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo dal\u0161\u00edmu rozvoji ve vysoce rizikov\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Role zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku je nejlep\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak chr\u00e1nit historick\u00e1 m\u00edsta St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ed stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladinou mo\u0159e, zm\u00edrnit zm\u011bnu klimatu. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a sledov\u00e1n\u00edm c\u00edl\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody m\u016f\u017eeme omezit budouc\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst rizik z\u00e1plav a eroze.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladina mo\u0159e a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed eroze p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro bohat\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. Inovativn\u00ed adapta\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a \u00fasil\u00ed o zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto ikonick\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladina mo\u0159e ohro\u017euje historick\u00e9 poklady St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed Historick\u00e1 m\u00edsta v ohro\u017een\u00ed Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e je domovem \u0159ady v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch m\u00edst kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, od starov\u011bk\u00e9ho f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Tyros a\u017e po malebn\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[746,89,748,747,34,749],"class_list":["post-274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-erosion","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-mediterranean","tag-flooding","tag-climate-change","tag-sea-level-rise"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=274"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":275,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274\/revisions\/275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}