V Polsku byl u\u010din\u011bn v\u00fdznamn\u00fd archeologick\u00fd objev, kdy\u017e byl vykop\u00e1n fragment rytiny olov\u011bn\u00e9 pe\u010deti z pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly ze 14. stolet\u00ed. Artefakt na\u0161el Jacek Ukowski, hleda\u010d kov\u016f, pobl\u00ed\u017e polsk\u00e9 vesnice Wysoka Kamie\u0144ska. Tento objev je ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00edm nalezen\u00fdm fragmentem pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly v tomto regionu.<\/p>\n\n
Pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly byly ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed vyd\u00e1van\u00e1 hlavou \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve, tradi\u010dn\u011b zape\u010det\u011bn\u00e1 kovovou pe\u010det\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvaly se k p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v, jako byly svato\u0159e\u010den\u00ed nebo dogmatick\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Pojem \u201epape\u017esk\u00e1 bula\u201c je odvozen z latinsk\u00e9ho slova \u201ebulla\u201c, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 \u201epe\u010de\u0165\u201c.<\/p>\n\n
Fragment je mal\u00fd kousek olova s vyryt\u00fdmi \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicemi a p\u00edsmeny na sv\u00e9m povrchu. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee by mohlo j\u00edt o \u010d\u00e1st v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly, kter\u00e1 byla vyd\u00e1na v letech 1303 a\u017e 1352. N\u00e1pis na fragmentu je po\u0161kozen\u00fd, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje p\u0159esnou identifikaci konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho pape\u017ee, kter\u00fd ji vydal.<\/p>\n\n
Na z\u00e1klad\u011b stylu p\u00edsmen a ikonografie navrhli v\u011bdci, \u017ee by artefakt mohl b\u00fdt spojen s jedn\u00edm ze \u010dty\u0159 pape\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vl\u00e1dli v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 14. stolet\u00ed: Benediktem XI., Klementem V., Benediktem XII. nebo Klementem VI. Pro potvrzen\u00ed jeho p\u0159esn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159ed t\u00edmto objevem byly v t\u00e9\u017ee polsk\u00e9 provincii nalezeny dal\u0161\u00ed dva fragmenty pape\u017esk\u00fdch bul. Prvn\u00edm byla kompletn\u00ed pe\u010de\u0165 poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z obdob\u00ed pape\u017ee Benedikta XII. (1334\u20131342). Druh\u00fdm byl fragment, kter\u00fd mohl b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159en v dob\u011b pape\u017ee Inocence VIII. (1484\u20131492). V\u0161echny t\u0159i fragmenty jsou nyn\u00ed ulo\u017eeny v Muzeu d\u011bjin zem\u011b Kamie\u0144.<\/p>\n\n
Podle Grzegorze Kurky, \u0159editele muzea, bylo v Polsku objeveno pouze asi tucet pape\u017esk\u00fdch bul, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a cenn\u00e9 artefakty. Objev tohoto t\u0159et\u00edho fragmentu roz\u0161i\u0159uje sb\u00edrku muzea a poskytuje v\u011bdc\u016fm dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky o historii pape\u017estv\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pape\u017esk\u00e9 autority ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m Polsku.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es objev fragmentu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mnoho ot\u00e1zek ohledn\u011b jeho p\u016fvodu nezodpov\u011bzeno. V\u011bdci si st\u00e1le nejsou jisti, jak se bula dostala na m\u00edsto, kde byla nalezena. Domn\u00edvaj\u00ed se, \u017ee mohla b\u00fdt p\u0159evezena se zeminou z jin\u00e9 oblasti nebo ztracena p\u0159i stavb\u011b nov\u00e9ho povrchu silnice. P\u0159esn\u00fd p\u016fvod artefaktu tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u016fstane z\u00e1hadou.<\/p>\n\n
Objev fragmentu pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly v Polsku sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o bohat\u00e9 historii katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve a trval\u00e9m odkazu jej\u00edch v\u016fdc\u016f. Artefakt poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o praktik\u00e1ch a metod\u00e1ch komunikace pape\u017estv\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed jeho p\u016fvod nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nikdy zcela vy\u0159e\u0161ena, fragment z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed polsk\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Objevena pe\u010de\u0165 pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly ze st\u0159edov\u011bku v Polsku N\u00e1lez fragmentu pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly V Polsku byl u\u010din\u011bn v\u00fdznamn\u00fd archeologick\u00fd objev, kdy\u017e byl vykop\u00e1n fragment rytiny olov\u011bn\u00e9 pe\u010deti z pape\u017esk\u00e9 buly ze…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,5473,5474,1677,1026],"class_list":["post-2752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-religious-artifacts","tag-papal-bulls","tag-poland","tag-medieval-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2752"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2753,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2752\/revisions\/2753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}