{"id":2782,"date":"2021-02-14T23:06:31","date_gmt":"2021-02-14T23:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2782"},"modified":"2021-02-14T23:06:31","modified_gmt":"2021-02-14T23:06:31","slug":"brain-scans-identify-children-at-risk-of-depression","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/neuroscience\/brain-scans-identify-children-at-risk-of-depression\/","title":{"rendered":"Mozkov\u00e9 skeny pro identifikaci d\u011bt\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00fdch depres\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mozkov\u00e9 skeny dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odhalit d\u011bti, kter\u00fdm hroz\u00ed riziko deprese<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Identifikace d\u011bt\u00ed v rizikov\u00e9 skupin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00edce znepokojuj\u00edc\u00edch aspekt\u016f deprese je jej\u00ed vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost op\u011btovn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu. Deprese m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st k cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako je zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu v\u011bdci pracuj\u00ed na v\u00fdvoji test\u016f pro p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed rizika deprese u d\u011bt\u00ed s c\u00edlem zabr\u00e1nit jej\u00edmu vzniku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zm\u011bny v mozku spojen\u00e9 s rizikem deprese<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie z MIT a Harvardu nazna\u010duje, \u017ee d\u011bti s vysok\u00fdm rizikem deprese maj\u00ed z\u0159eteln\u00e9 zm\u011bny v mozku, kter\u00e9 lze odhalit pomoc\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed magnetickou rezonanc\u00ed (MRI). Studie zahrnovala 27 d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011bku od osmi do 14 let, kter\u00e9 byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za vysoce rizikov\u00e9 kv\u016fli rodinn\u00e9 historii deprese. D\u011bti s rodi\u010dem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 depresi, maj\u00ed t\u0159i a\u017e \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se u nich samotn\u00fdch rozvine deprese.<\/p>\n\n<p>D\u011bti podstoupily fMRI skeny, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ily synchronizaci mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi oblastmi mozku. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee d\u011bti s vysok\u00fdm rizikem m\u011bly v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 spojen\u00ed mezi subgenualn\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00ed cingul\u00e1rn\u00ed k\u016frou (sgACC) a v\u00fdchoz\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 s re\u017eimem, o kter\u00e9 je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee je aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e na\u0161e mysl bloud\u00ed. M\u011bly tak\u00e9 neobvykle siln\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi amygdala, kter\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 emoce, a doln\u00ed front\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vit, kter\u00fd zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 jazyk. V jin\u00fdch oblastech mozku vykazovala skupina s vysok\u00fdm rizikem men\u0161\u00ed konektivitu ne\u017e kontroln\u00ed skupina.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tyto vzorce propojenosti mozku jsou podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 byly pozorov\u00e1ny u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch s depres\u00ed. Tato studie v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tyto abnormality mohou b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou deprese ne\u017e jej\u00edm d\u016fsledkem. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed sledovat d\u011bti s vysok\u00fdm rizikem, aby zjistili, u koho se rozvine deprese, co\u017e pom\u016f\u017ee zp\u0159esnit screening.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby k prevenci deprese<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed studii, aby zjistili, zda by preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba mohla pomoci d\u011btem s vysok\u00fdm rizikem vyhnout se depresi v dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo na po\u010d\u00e1tku dosp\u011blosti. Tyto l\u00e9\u010dby by mohly zahrnovat kognitivn\u011b behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed terapii, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 lidem p\u0159esm\u011brovat sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky pozitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sm\u011brem, nebo v\u0161\u00edmavost, kter\u00e1 tr\u00e9nuje mozek, aby zpomalil a soust\u0159edil se na p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etick\u00e1 hlediska<\/h2>\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli by mozkov\u00e9 skeny mohly b\u00fdt potenci\u00e1ln\u011b pou\u017eity jako screeningov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro riziko deprese, existuj\u00ed etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit. Mohly by nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161koly nebo zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat tyto screeningy k identifikaci a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 diskriminaci d\u011bt\u00ed nebo jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed by mohli b\u00fdt vystaveni riziku deprese?<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed z mozkov\u00fdch sken\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed z mozkov\u00fdch sken\u016f. Domn\u00edvaj\u00ed se, \u017ee p\u0159i pe\u010dliv\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed by mohly b\u00fdt cenn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro identifikaci d\u011bt\u00ed vystaven\u00fdch riziku deprese a poskytnut\u00ed jim v\u010dasn\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed k prevenci jej\u00edho vzniku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Studie byla publikov\u00e1na v \u010dasopise Biological Psychiatry.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed sledovat d\u011bti s vysok\u00fdm rizikem po dobu n\u011bkolika let, aby zjistili, u koho se rozvine deprese.<\/li>\n<li>Mezi potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby k prevenci deprese u d\u011bt\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm rizikem pat\u0159\u00ed kognitivn\u011b behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed terapie a v\u0161\u00edmavost.<\/li>\n<li>Etick\u00e1 hlediska p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch sken\u016f pro screening deprese zahrnuj\u00ed soukrom\u00ed a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed diskriminaci.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee mozkov\u00e9 skeny by mohly b\u00fdt cenn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro identifikaci d\u011bt\u00ed vystaven\u00fdch riziku deprese a poskytnut\u00ed jim v\u010dasn\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed k prevenci jej\u00edho vzniku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mozkov\u00e9 skeny dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odhalit d\u011bti, kter\u00fdm hroz\u00ed riziko deprese Identifikace d\u011bt\u00ed v rizikov\u00e9 skupin\u011b Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00edce znepokojuj\u00edc\u00edch aspekt\u016f deprese je jej\u00ed vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost op\u011btovn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu. Deprese m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[411],"tags":[5244,3156,25,5343,5516,5515],"class_list":["post-2782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-neuroscience","tag-depression","tag-children","tag-mental-health","tag-brain-scans","tag-prevention","tag-early-intervention"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2782"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2783,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2782\/revisions\/2783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}