Listorezn\u00ed mravenci, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad druh Atta laevigata, vykazuj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch koloni\u00ed. Men\u0161\u00ed d\u011blnice se staraj\u00ed o houbov\u00e9 zahrady, kter\u00e9 kolonii poskytuj\u00ed ob\u017eivu, zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u011blnice se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na obranu hn\u00edzda. V\u011bdci byli v\u0161ak zmateni zapojen\u00edm velk\u00fdch d\u011blnic do \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed ovoce, proto\u017ee ovoce je relativn\u011b m\u011bkk\u00e9 a mohly by ho snadno \u0159ezat men\u0161\u00ed mravenci.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie Heikkiho Helantery a Francise Ratniekse odhalila, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kusadla v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch d\u011blnic jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0159ezat a nosit mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kusy ovoce zp\u011bt do kolonie. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, jak velikostn\u00ed variace mezi d\u011blnicemi zlep\u0161uje jejich schopnost d\u011blit pr\u00e1ci a maximalizovat efektivitu.<\/p>\n\n
Kolonie mravenc\u016f, stejn\u011b jako kolonie v\u010del, vedou kr\u00e1lovny. Tradi\u010dn\u011b se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee se kr\u00e1lovny vyv\u00edjej\u00ed z larev, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1hodn\u011b vybr\u00e1ny a vy\u017eivov\u00e1ny koloni\u00ed. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum DNA otisk\u016f prst\u016f Billa Hughese a Jacobuse Boomsmy v\u0161ak tuto teorii zpochybnil.<\/p>\n\n
Jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed same\u010dci mravenc\u016f nesou \u201ekr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd\u201c gen, kter\u00fd zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se jejich potomci stanou kr\u00e1lovnami. Sestry t\u011bchto kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch samc\u016f si v\u0161ak nejsou v\u011bdomy toho, \u017ee je jejich potomstvo zv\u00fdhod\u0148ov\u00e1no. Tato genetick\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda umo\u017e\u0148uje kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdm samc\u016fm \u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 potomstvo do v\u00edce koloni\u00ed a vyhnout se odhalen\u00ed altruistick\u00fdmi masami, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Hughes v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee evoluce kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho genu u listorezn\u00fdch mravenc\u016f je evolu\u010dn\u00ed strategi\u00ed, jak uniknout potla\u010den\u00ed altruistick\u00fdmi d\u011blnicemi. Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9ho potomstva do v\u00edce koloni\u00ed mohou kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed samci zv\u00fd\u0161it sv\u016fj reproduk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch a zajistit p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed sv\u00e9 linie.<\/p>\n\n
Studium listorezn\u00fdch mravenc\u016f poskytuje fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed poznatky o slo\u017eitostech spole\u010densk\u00e9 organizace a evolu\u010dn\u00edch adaptac\u00edch. Od jejich sofistikovan\u00e9ho d\u011blen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a\u017e po objev kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho genu n\u00e1s tito mravenci i nad\u00e1le fascinuj\u00ed a nab\u00edzej\u00ed cenn\u00e9 lekce o slo\u017eitosti p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Listorezn\u00fdmi Mravenci: Od \u0158ez\u00e1n\u00ed Ovoce ke Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdm Gen\u016fm D\u011blen\u00ed Pr\u00e1ce a \u0158ez\u00e1n\u00ed Ovoce Listorezn\u00ed mravenci, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad druh Atta laevigata, vykazuj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch koloni\u00ed. Men\u0161\u00ed d\u011blnice…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[5532,136,5533,5531,252],"class_list":["post-2794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-division-of-labor","tag-evolution","tag-royal-gene","tag-leaf-cutting-ants","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2795,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794\/revisions\/2795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}