{"id":2812,"date":"2020-08-28T14:29:08","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T14:29:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2812"},"modified":"2020-08-28T14:29:08","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T14:29:08","slug":"the-royal-navys-rum-ration-a-historical-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/history\/the-royal-navys-rum-ration-a-historical-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva: Historick\u00fd p\u0159ehled"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva: Historick\u00fd p\u0159ehled<\/h2>\n\n

Denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl<\/h2>\n\n

Po v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed byla ka\u017edodenn\u00ed d\u00e1vka rumu ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci se spol\u00e9hali na sv\u016fj \u201edenn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl\u201c rumu, kter\u00fd jim pom\u00e1hal sn\u00e1\u0161et drsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky \u017eivota na mo\u0159i. Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka byla zavedena v 17. stolet\u00ed jako zp\u016fsob prevence kurd\u011bj\u00ed, oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed nemoci zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nedostatkem vitam\u00ednu C. Rum, kter\u00fd se m\u00edchal s limetkovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou, poskytoval n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016fm tolik pot\u0159ebn\u00fd zdroj vitam\u00ednu C.<\/p>\n\n

Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka slou\u017eila tak\u00e9 jako forma m\u011bny na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch lod\u00edch. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci mohli sv\u016fj rum pou\u017e\u00edt k sm\u011bn\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb od ostatn\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka byla tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako zp\u016fsob odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f za dobr\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a trest\u00e1n\u00ed za provin\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dapadek rumov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky<\/h2>\n\n

V polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed ztr\u00e1cela rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu na v\u00fdznamu. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci nyn\u00ed jedli pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stravu a kurd\u011bje ji\u017e nep\u0159edstavovala velkou hrozbu. N\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce profesionalizovalo a rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka byla vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako anachronismus.<\/p>\n\n

V roce 1970 Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo kone\u010dn\u011b zru\u0161ilo denn\u00ed rumovou d\u00e1vku. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed se setkalo s ur\u010dit\u00fdm odporem ze strany tradicionalist\u016f, ale nakonec bylo vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako nezbytn\u00fd krok p\u0159i modernizaci n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva.<\/p>\n\n

Odkaz rumov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky<\/h2>\n\n

Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli v historii Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Pom\u00e1hala p\u0159edch\u00e1zet kurd\u011bj\u00edm, zvy\u0161ovat mor\u00e1lku a udr\u017eovat discipl\u00ednu mezi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky. Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka je tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00fdm n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci v minulosti \u010delili.<\/p>\n\n

Dnes je rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu st\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci na n\u011bkter\u00fdch lod\u00edch st\u00e1le dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed symbolickou d\u00e1vku rumu p\u0159i zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech. Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka je tak\u00e9 obl\u00edben\u00fdm t\u00e9matem n\u00e1mo\u0159nick\u00e9ho folkl\u00f3ru a legend.<\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo podpl\u00e1celo n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky alkoholem<\/h2>\n\n

Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo pou\u017e\u00edvalo rum k podpl\u00e1cen\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f z cel\u00e9 \u0159ady d\u016fvod\u016f. Za prv\u00e9, rum byl cennou komoditou, kter\u00e1 mohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed a udr\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. Za druh\u00e9, rum pom\u00e1hal udr\u017eet n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 a spokojen\u00e9, co\u017e sni\u017eovalo riziko vzpoury. A za t\u0159et\u00ed, v\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee rum m\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 vlastnosti a \u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet kurd\u011bj\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm nemocem.<\/p>\n\n

Posledn\u00ed den rumov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu<\/h2>\n\n

Dne 31. \u010dervence 1970 Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo zru\u0161ilo denn\u00ed rumovou d\u00e1vku. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed se setkalo se sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdmi reakcemi ze strany n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci byli zklaman\u00ed, \u017ee rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka kon\u010d\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed tuto zm\u011bnu p\u0159iv\u00edtali.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam denn\u00ed rumov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu<\/h2>\n\n

Denn\u00ed rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli v historii Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Pom\u00e1hala p\u0159edch\u00e1zet kurd\u011bj\u00edm, zvy\u0161ovat mor\u00e1lku a udr\u017eovat discipl\u00ednu mezi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky. Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka je tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00fdm n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci v minulosti \u010delili.<\/p>\n\n

Jak rum pom\u00e1hal p\u0159edch\u00e1zet kurd\u011bj\u00edm u n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Rum p\u0159irozen\u011b neobsahuje vitam\u00edn C, ale \u010dasto se m\u00edchal s limetkovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou, kter\u00e1 je dobr\u00fdm zdrojem vitam\u00ednu C. Limetkov\u00e1 \u0161\u0165\u00e1va pom\u00e1hala p\u0159edch\u00e1zet kurd\u011bj\u00edm, oslabuj\u00edc\u00ed nemoci, kter\u00e1 byla v minulosti mezi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky b\u011b\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

\u00daloha rumu v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva<\/h2>\n\n

Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka byla d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Pou\u017e\u00edvala se jako m\u011bna, odm\u011bna a trest. Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1hala udr\u017eet n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 a spokojen\u00e9, co\u017e sni\u017eovalo riziko vzpoury.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dapadek rumov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu<\/h2>\n\n

V polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed ztr\u00e1cela rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu na v\u00fdznamu. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci nyn\u00ed jedli pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed a v\u00fd\u017eivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stravu a kurd\u011bje ji\u017e nep\u0159edstavovala velkou hrozbu. N\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce profesionalizovalo a rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka byla vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako anachronismus.<\/p>\n\n

Odkaz rumov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva<\/h2>\n\n

Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka hr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli v historii Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Pom\u00e1hala p\u0159edch\u00e1zet kurd\u011bj\u00edm, zvy\u0161ovat mor\u00e1lku a udr\u017eovat discipl\u00ednu mezi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky. Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka je tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00fdm n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci v minulosti \u010delili.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rumov\u00e1 d\u00e1vka Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva: Historick\u00fd p\u0159ehled Denn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl Po v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b stolet\u00ed byla ka\u017edodenn\u00ed d\u00e1vka rumu ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eivota v Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci se spol\u00e9hali na sv\u016fj \u201edenn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl\u201c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[5564,4526,5560,5562,5563,5561,5565],"class_list":["post-2812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-discipline","tag-naval-history","tag-royal-navy","tag-scurvy","tag-morale","tag-rum-ration","tag-vitamin-c"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2812"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2813,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2812\/revisions\/2813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}