V pozoruhodn\u00e9m v\u011bdeck\u00e9m pr\u016flomu ozn\u00e1mili biologov\u00e9 objev 24 nov\u00fdch druh\u016f je\u0161t\u011brek zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako skinkov\u00e9 na karibsk\u00fdch ostrovech. Tento v\u00fdznamn\u00fd objev, veden\u00fd uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm herpetologem Blairem Hedgesem z Pensylv\u00e1nsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzity, v\u00fdznamn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed biodiverzity regionu.<\/p>\n\n
Pomoc\u00ed kombinace tradi\u010dn\u00ed taxonomie a pokro\u010dil\u00e9 DNA anal\u00fdzy Hedges a jeho t\u00fdm pe\u010dliv\u011b zkoumali vzorky skink\u016f ze zoologick\u00fdch zahrad a ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch center po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jejich v\u00fdzkum odhalil celkem 39 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f skink\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v Karibiku, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161esti d\u0159\u00edve uznan\u00fdch druh\u016f, dev\u00edti, kter\u00e9 byly historicky pojmenov\u00e1ny, ale pozd\u011bji pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za neplatn\u00e9, a 24 zcela nov\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
D\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee karib\u0161t\u00ed skinkov\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Afriky p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 18 miliony lety a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dorazili na plovouc\u00edch vorech vegetace. \u010casem se diverzifikovali do pozoruhodn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly druh\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd se p\u0159izp\u016fsobil sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 nice.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9 dlouh\u00e9 evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii nyn\u00ed karib\u0161t\u00ed skinkov\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 krizi ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee polovina nov\u011b objeven\u00fdch druh\u016f je kriticky ohro\u017eena a n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ji\u017e vyhynul\u00e9 ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed hrozbou pro tyto je\u0161t\u011brky je invazivn\u00ed mongoose, p\u0159edstaven\u00e1 do Karibiku v 19. stolet\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem kontroly populace hlodavc\u016f. Mongoose zdecimovala populace skink\u016f a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 aktivity, jako je odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u00e1le zhor\u0161uj\u00ed jejich zranitelnost.<\/p>\n\n
Objev t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch druh\u016f skink\u016f zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nal\u00e9havou pot\u0159ebu ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam ochrany jejich zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch stanovi\u0161\u0165, zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na kontrolu mangusty a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 situaci t\u011bchto ohro\u017een\u00fdch plaz\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 druhy skink\u016f vykazuj\u00ed r\u016fznorodou \u0161k\u00e1lu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a preferenc\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165. N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy se vyskytuj\u00ed na n\u011bkolika ostrovech, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 jsou omezeny na jedin\u00fd ostrov nebo dokonce na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblast ostrova. Jejich stanovi\u0161t\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed od pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch dun a\u017e po bujn\u00e9 de\u0161tn\u00e9 pralesy, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jejich pozoruhodnou p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost.<\/p>\n\n
Druhy skink\u016f lze od sebe odli\u0161it na z\u00e1klad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch morfologick\u00fdch znak\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b tvaru \u0161upin, velikosti t\u011bla a zbarven\u00ed. Anal\u00fdza DNA tak\u00e9 hr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i identifikaci a potvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch genetick\u00fdch lini\u00ed t\u011bchto je\u0161t\u011brek.<\/p>\n\n
Anal\u00fdza DNA se uk\u00e1zala b\u00fdt neoceniteln\u00e1 p\u0159i identifikaci nov\u00fdch druh\u016f skink\u016f, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed jemn\u00e9 morfologick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. Porovn\u00e1n\u00edm genetick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f mohou v\u011bdci ur\u010dit evolu\u010dn\u00ed vztahy mezi druhy a identifikovat i \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 druhy, kter\u00e9 mohly b\u00fdt v minulosti p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnuty.<\/p>\n\n
Ochrana nov\u011b objeven\u00fdch karibsk\u00fdch skink\u016f p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Jejich vz\u00e1cnost v kombinaci s trval\u00fdmi hrozbami ze strany invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f a ztr\u00e1tou stanovi\u0161\u0165 vy\u017eaduje zaveden\u00ed komplexn\u00edch ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci spolupracuj\u00ed s m\u00edstn\u00edmi komunitami a ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi organizacemi na v\u00fdvoji a implementaci \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed na ochranu t\u011bchto jedine\u010dn\u00fdch a ohro\u017een\u00fdch je\u0161t\u011brek.<\/p>\n\n
Pokud budete m\u00edt to \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edte karibsk\u00e9 ostrovy, mo\u017en\u00e1 zahl\u00e9dnete n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z t\u011bchto nepolapiteln\u00fdch skink\u016f. Vzhledem k jejich vz\u00e1cnosti je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 projevit trp\u011blivost a respektovat jejich k\u0159ehkou existenci. Pamatujte, \u017ee je pozorujte z d\u00e1lky a vyh\u00fdbejte se ru\u0161en\u00ed jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Objev 24 nov\u00fdch druh\u016f karibsk\u00fdch skink\u016f: Polovina \u010del\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed Pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev V pozoruhodn\u00e9m v\u011bdeck\u00e9m pr\u016flomu ozn\u00e1mili biologov\u00e9 objev 24 nov\u00fdch druh\u016f je\u0161t\u011brek zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako skinkov\u00e9 na karibsk\u00fdch ostrovech. Tento v\u00fdznamn\u00fd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[395,784,786,286,785,404,583],"class_list":["post-292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-biodiversity","tag-caribbean-skinks","tag-conservation-crisis","tag-invasive-species","tag-new-species-discovery","tag-endangered-species","tag-habitat-loss"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":293,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions\/293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}