\u010cty\u0159icet st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch senior\u016f z cel\u00e9 zem\u011b se shrom\u00e1\u017edilo ve Washingtonu, D.C., na sout\u011b\u017ei mlad\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch talent\u016f spole\u010dnosti Intel 2010, kterou po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Society for Science & the Public. Na N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademii v\u011bd tito studenti p\u0159edstavili sv\u00e9 pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 projekty panel\u016fm porotc\u016f. Dnes ve\u010der spole\u010dnost Intel ozn\u00e1m\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bze, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemce presti\u017en\u00ed hlavn\u00ed ceny ve v\u00fd\u0161i 100 000 dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z finalistek je Erika Debenedictisov\u00e1 z Albuquerque v Nov\u00e9m Mexiku, kter\u00e1 vyvinula inovativn\u00ed softwarov\u00fd program, kter\u00fd by mohl zp\u016fsobit revoluci v navigaci kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed. Software Debenedictisov\u00e9, inspirovan\u00fd konceptem \u201eMeziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u00e1lnice\u201c, slo\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b cest vesm\u00edrem, m\u00e1 za c\u00edl umo\u017enit kosmick\u00fdm lod\u00edm cestovat s minim\u00e1ln\u00ed spot\u0159ebou paliva.<\/p>\n\n
Pomoc\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b Interplanetary Transport Network (ITN) mohou kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b navigovat na ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdch drah\u00e1ch pomoc\u00ed gravitace a pohybu planet, podobn\u011b jako plachetnice vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 proudy a v\u00edtr. P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9 trasy byly v minulosti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, software Debenedictisov\u00e9 se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje na meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00ed cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, oblast, kter\u00e1 \u010delila v\u00fdzv\u00e1m v oblasti financov\u00e1n\u00ed i v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
Software Debenedictisov\u00e9 simuluje schopnost udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed stanic, techniku pou\u017e\u00edvanou dru\u017eicemi k udr\u017een\u00ed jejich polohy na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. T\u00edm, \u017ee tento koncept za\u010dlen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee jej\u00ed program v\u00e9st kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b po drah\u00e1ch ITN s mal\u00fdm nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm v\u00fddejem paliva. Tato inovace m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na palivo pro vesm\u00edrn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a v\u00fdznamn\u011b zkr\u00e1tit dobu cestov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi planetami.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed finalistka, Otana Jakporov\u00e1 z Riverside v Kalifornii, zam\u011b\u0159ila sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkum na nal\u00e9hav\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje miliony dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed: zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v m\u00edstnostech. Jakporov\u00e1, inspirovan\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem sv\u00e9 matky, zkoumala nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky spalov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dek v m\u00edstnostech, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch vyroben\u00fdch z parafinov\u00e9ho vosku.<\/p>\n\n
\u010c\u00e1sticov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (PM 2,5), drobn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky uvol\u0148ovan\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dkami, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice mohou proniknout hluboko do d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00e9st k srde\u010dn\u00edm infarkt\u016fm a rakovin\u011b. V\u00fdzkum Jakporov\u00e9 odhalil, \u017ee parafinov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky emituj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladiny PM 2,5 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se s\u00f3jov\u00fdmi sv\u00ed\u010dkami.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b toho parafinov\u00fd vosk obsahuje ropu, zn\u00e1m\u00fd karcinogen, a jeho emise vykazuj\u00ed podobnosti s v\u00fdfukov\u00fdmi plyny z motorov\u00e9 nafty. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed standard kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed pro venkovn\u00ed PM 2,5 je 35 mikrogram\u016f na metr krychlov\u00fd po dobu 24 hodin, zat\u00edmco paraf\u00ednov\u00e1 sv\u00ed\u010dka, kterou Jakporov\u00e1 studovala, uvolnila 52 mikrogram\u016f na metr krychlov\u00fd b\u011bhem stejn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Jakporov\u00e1 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost informovan\u00e9ho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1kupu sv\u00ed\u010dek. Mnoha sv\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1m chyb\u00ed jasn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed a dokonce i s\u00f3jov\u00e9 sv\u00ed\u010dky mohou obsahovat paraf\u00edn. Nab\u00e1d\u00e1 spot\u0159ebitele, aby si byli v\u011bdomi potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch rizik spojen\u00fdch s pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00ed\u010dek.<\/p>\n\n
Jako mluv\u010d\u00ed Americk\u00e9 plicn\u00ed asociace se Jakporov\u00e1 aktivn\u011b zasazuje o \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzduch v m\u00edstnostech. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed na environment\u00e1ln\u00edch sly\u0161en\u00edch, sd\u00edl\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkum a prosazuje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpisy na ochranu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkum proveden\u00fd Debenedictisovou a Jakporovou ukazuje genialitu a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f. Jejich inovativn\u00ed n\u00e1pady a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta demonstruj\u00ed transforma\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edlu v\u011bdy a jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1l formovat budoucnost.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V mysl\u00edch mlad\u00fdch americk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f Sout\u011b\u017e mlad\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch talent\u016f spole\u010dnosti Intel \u010cty\u0159icet st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch senior\u016f z cel\u00e9 zem\u011b se shrom\u00e1\u017edilo ve Washingtonu, D.C., na sout\u011b\u017ei mlad\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch talent\u016f spole\u010dnosti Intel 2010,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5365],"tags":[37,5769,434,5768,595,5767],"class_list":["post-2943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science-education","tag-innovation","tag-young-scientists","tag-space-exploration","tag-science-research","tag-stem","tag-indoor-air-pollution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2943"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2944,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2943\/revisions\/2944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}