{"id":296,"date":"2023-08-15T22:42:26","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T22:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=296"},"modified":"2023-08-15T22:42:26","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T22:42:26","slug":"art-world-swindled-in-15-year-fraud-scheme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/art-crime\/art-world-swindled-in-15-year-fraud-scheme\/","title":{"rendered":"Um\u011bleck\u00fd sv\u011bt podveden 15let\u00fdm podvodem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011bt um\u011bn\u00ed podveden v 15let\u00e9m podvodn\u00e9m sch\u00e9matu<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dadajn\u00fd podvod<\/h2>\n\n

Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017ealobci obvinili t\u0159i osoby z toho, \u017ee zosnovali rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 podvodn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma s um\u011bleck\u00fdmi d\u00edly a sportovn\u00edmi memorabiliemi, kter\u00e9 trvalo d\u00e9le ne\u017e 15 let. Ob\u017ealovan\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159eli a prod\u00e1vali pad\u011blan\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla a memorabilie, \u010d\u00edm\u017e oklamali galerie, auk\u010dn\u00ed domy a sb\u011bratele po cel\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n\n

Str\u016fjci<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dadajn\u00fdmi v\u016fdci tohoto sch\u00e9matu jsou Donald Henkel, jeho bratr Mark Henkel a Raymond Paparella. \u017dalobci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee toto trio fal\u0161ovalo nebo pozm\u011b\u0148ovalo um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla, hudebn\u00ed sb\u011bratelsk\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, hollywoodsk\u00e9 memorabilie a sportovn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty a vyd\u00e1valo je za autentick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Modus operandi<\/h2>\n\n

Aby Henkelovic brat\u0159i dodali sv\u00fdm v\u00fdtvor\u016fm zd\u00e1n\u00ed pravosti, \u00fadajn\u011b spolupracovali s “nastr\u010den\u00fdmi prodejci”, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edst\u00edrali, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed artefakty, a poskytli zfal\u0161ovan\u00fd p\u016fvod. Tak\u00e9 fal\u0161ovali dokumenty a pou\u017e\u00edvali vintage pera, aby fale\u0161n\u00e9 podpisy vypadaly autenticky.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159esnostn\u00ed malby<\/h2>\n\n

Mezi \u00fadajn\u00fdmi pad\u011blky byly obrazy, kter\u00e9 byly nepravdiv\u011b p\u0159ips\u00e1ny p\u0159esnostn\u00edm mal\u00ed\u0159\u016fm Ralstonu Crawfordovi a Georgeovi Aultovi. P\u0159esnost byla um\u011bleck\u00fd sm\u011br zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdm d\u016frazem na stroje a architekturu s “vysoce kontrolovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k technice a form\u011b”.<\/p>\n\n

Gertrude Abercrombieov\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Ob\u017ealovan\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 obvin\u011bni z pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu chicagsk\u00e9 um\u011blkyn\u011b Gertrude Abercrombieov\u00e9. \u00dadajn\u011b vytvo\u0159ili fale\u0161n\u00e9 baseballov\u00e9 m\u00ed\u010dky a p\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly b\u00fdt podeps\u00e1ny legend\u00e1rn\u00edmi sportovci, jako jsou Lou Gehrig a Babe Ruth.<\/p>\n\n

Odhalen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Sch\u00e9ma se za\u010dalo rozpl\u00e9tat, kdy\u017e nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165 koupila \u00fadajn\u00fd obraz od Aulta za 200 000 dolar\u016f a pozd\u011bji objevila nesrovnalosti v jeho pravosti. Byly upozorn\u011bny org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 obraz prozkoumali a nalezli d\u016fkazy \u0161ablonov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed \u017elut\u00e9ho pigmentu, kter\u00fd nebyl v roce 1938, \u00fadajn\u00e9 dob\u011b jeho vzniku, b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza odborn\u00edka<\/h2>\n\n

N\u011bkolik restaur\u00e1tor\u016f podez\u0159el\u00fd obraz od Aulta prozkoumalo a odhalilo nesrovnalosti. Jeden odborn\u00edk nazna\u010dil, \u017ee byl \u0161ablonov\u00e1n, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd odhalil pou\u017eit\u00ed anachronick\u00e9ho \u017elut\u00e9ho pigmentu. Laboratorn\u00ed testy dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fadajn\u00fdch obraz\u016f od Aulta, kter\u00e9 Henkel prodal, odhalily podobn\u00e9 nesrovnalosti.<\/p>\n\n

Ob\u011bti a ztr\u00e1ty<\/h2>\n\n

Ob\u017ealoba uv\u00e1d\u00ed 11 ob\u011bt\u00ed podvodn\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu, v\u010detn\u011b sb\u011bratele pam\u011btn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f Walta Disneyho v Kalifornii, auk\u010dn\u00edho domu v Lond\u00fdn\u011b a galeri\u00ed a auk\u010dn\u00edch dom\u016f v New Yorku, Pensylv\u00e1nii, Texasu a Michiganu. Jedna galerie utratila za obrazy spojen\u00e9 se sch\u00e9matem 500 000 dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00ed zaplatili stovky tis\u00edc dolar\u016f za pad\u011blan\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fsledky a obvin\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u0161ichni t\u0159i ob\u017ealovan\u00ed se u soudu h\u00e1jili nevinou k obvin\u011bn\u00ed z po\u0161tovn\u00edho podvodu nebo podvodu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm elektronick\u00e9 komunikace. Marku Henkel hroz\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed z manipulace se sv\u011bdky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd bod ob\u017ealoby nese potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed trest a\u017e 20 let v\u011bzen\u00ed ve feder\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bznici.<\/p>\n\n

Dopad na um\u011bleck\u00fd sv\u011bt<\/h2>\n\n

\u00dadajn\u00e9 podvodn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma ot\u0159\u00e1slo sv\u011btem um\u011bn\u00ed a vyvolalo obavy o pravost a p\u016fvod um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl. Odborn\u00edci varuj\u00ed, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed by m\u011bli b\u00fdt ostra\u017eit\u00ed a vyhledat odbornou radu d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e uskute\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 n\u00e1kupy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011bt um\u011bn\u00ed podveden v 15let\u00e9m podvodn\u00e9m sch\u00e9matu \u00dadajn\u00fd podvod Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017ealobci obvinili t\u0159i osoby z toho, \u017ee zosnovali rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 podvodn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma s um\u011bleck\u00fdmi d\u00edly a sportovn\u00edmi memorabiliemi, kter\u00e9 trvalo d\u00e9le…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[798],"tags":[792,794,797,791,796,793,795,790],"class_list":["post-296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-art-crime","tag-art-investigation","tag-forgery","tag-authentication","tag-counterfeit-art","tag-deception","tag-precisionist-painting","tag-provenance","tag-art-fraud"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=296"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":297,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/296\/revisions\/297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}