{"id":2967,"date":"2022-10-31T14:42:45","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T14:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2967"},"modified":"2022-10-31T14:42:45","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T14:42:45","slug":"yosemite-national-park-the-birthplace-of-public-parks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/nature-and-environment\/yosemite-national-park-the-birthplace-of-public-parks\/","title":{"rendered":"Yosemite: P\u0159edch\u016fdce syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yosemite: P\u0159edch\u016fdce syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Lincoln\u016fv podpis a zrod ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch park\u016f<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. \u010dervna 1864 prezident Abraham Lincoln podepsal z\u00e1kon Yosemite Grant Act, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd moment v historii ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a spr\u00e1vy ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pozemk\u016f. Tento z\u00e1kon ud\u011blil “Yo-Semitsk\u00e9 \u00fadol\u00ed” a nedalek\u00fd Mariposa Big Tree Grove st\u00e1tu Kalifornie s v\u00fdslovnou podm\u00ednkou, \u017ee bude p\u016fda dr\u017eena “pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, rekreaci a odpo\u010dinek”.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Tento z\u00e1kon znamenal v\u00fdznamn\u00fd odklon od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch praktik vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy a vytvo\u0159il precedens pro syst\u00e9m n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f. Bylo to poprv\u00e9, co americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159evzala veden\u00ed v oblasti ochrany divo\u010diny pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Kalifornie jako spr\u00e1vce a rozvoj Yosemite<\/h2>\n\n

    Z\u00e1kon Yosemite Grant Act sv\u011b\u0159il Kalifornii odpov\u011bdnost za spr\u00e1vu \u00fadol\u00ed Yosemite a jeho rozvoj pro ve\u0159ejnou rekreaci. Nov\u011b jmenovan\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada Yosemite Board of Commissioners, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala i uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho krajinn\u00e9ho architekta Fredericka Lawa Olmsteda, \u010delila v\u00fdzv\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017eit ochranu s p\u0159\u00edstupnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Olmsted p\u0159edv\u00eddal potenci\u00e1l pro ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnost a prosazoval opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kr\u00e1sy parku. P\u0159es tyto obavy turismus v Yosemite rychle rostl, co\u017e vedlo v roce 1872 ke z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yosemite a v roce 1903 k p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed kontroly zp\u011bt feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

    Odkaz p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f v \u00fadol\u00ed Yosemite<\/h2>\n\n

    P\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem neamerick\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f bylo \u00fadol\u00ed Yosemite domovem kmen\u016f americk\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f. Jejich hlubok\u00e9 spojen\u00ed se zem\u00ed a jej\u00edmi zdroji ovlivnilo rozvoj parku. P\u0159\u00edliv horn\u00edk\u016f a osadn\u00edk\u016f b\u011bhem zlat\u00e9 hore\u010dky v roce 1849 v\u0161ak vedl k vys\u00eddlen\u00ed a vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f, co\u017e je tragick\u00e1 kapitola v historii Yosemite.<\/p>\n\n

    Vliv Yosemite na hnut\u00ed za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky<\/h2>\n\n

    Z\u00e1kon Yosemite Grant Act slou\u017eil jako vzor pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f. O m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e deset let pozd\u011bji obh\u00e1jci pou\u017eili tento z\u00e1kon k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany Yellowstonu, kter\u00fd se v roce 1872 stal prvn\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parkem v Americe.<\/p>\n\n

    Zn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yellowstone se neslo v duchu z\u00e1kona Yosemite Grant Act a zd\u016fraz\u0148ovalo zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy “pro prosp\u011bch a pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed lid\u00ed”. Tento princip se stal z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f a \u0159\u00eddil spr\u00e1vu a ochranu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch div\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n

    V\u00fdznam spr\u00e1vy ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pozemk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

    Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Yosemite a dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f zd\u016fraznilo v\u00fdznam spr\u00e1vy ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch pozemk\u016f. Tyto chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti nejen poskytuj\u00ed rekrea\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, ale tak\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed cenn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje a kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Z\u00e1kon Yosemite Grant Act a jeho odkaz zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi pozemky, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed pro budouc\u00ed generace a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jejich zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    Frederick Law Olmstedova vize pro Yosemite<\/h2>\n\n

    Frederick Law Olmsted, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd architekt, hr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed rozvoje Yosemite. Uv\u011bdomil si pot\u0159ebu vyv\u00e1\u017eit ochranu s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem a prosazoval opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kr\u00e1sy parku.<\/p>\n\n

    Olmstedova vize Yosemite zahrnovala v\u00fdstavbu silnic pro ko\u010d\u00e1ry a stezek, aby byl park p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se minimalizoval dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zd\u016fraznil tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitost zachov\u00e1n\u00ed divok\u00e9ho charakteru parku a omezen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby trval\u00fdch struktur.<\/p>\n\n

    V\u00fdvoj n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch park\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

    Z\u00e1kon Yosemite Grant Act znamenal p\u0159echod od st\u00e1tn\u00edch park\u016f k n\u00e1rodn\u00edm park\u016fm spravovan\u00fdm feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dou. Tento posun odr\u00e1\u017eel rostouc\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu t\u011bchto chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a pot\u0159ebu koordinovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k jejich spr\u00e1v\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

    Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yosemite v roce 1872 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f vytvo\u0159ilo podm\u00ednky pro komplexn\u00ed syst\u00e9m chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00fd prezentuje rozmanit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yosemite: P\u0159edch\u016fdce syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f Lincoln\u016fv podpis a zrod ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch park\u016f \u010dervna 1864 prezident Abraham Lincoln podepsal z\u00e1kon Yosemite Grant Act, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd moment v historii ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a spr\u00e1vy ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[237],"tags":[5813,27,5812,5811,250,401,252],"class_list":["post-2967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nature-and-environment","tag-frederick-law-olmsted","tag-history","tag-landscape-architecture","tag-yosemite-national-park","tag-national-parks","tag-conservation","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2967"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2968,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967\/revisions\/2968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}