V pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin hr\u00e1li um\u011blci v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vlasteneck\u00fdch n\u00e1lad. Od ikonick\u00e9ho zobrazen\u00ed americk\u00e9 vlajky Jasperem Johnsem po subverzivn\u00ed politick\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e Andyho Warhola bylo um\u011bn\u00ed mocn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdosti, jednoty a nesouhlasu.<\/p>\n\n
Charles Willson Peale byl mnohostrannou osobnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky za nez\u00e1vislost spojila sv\u016fj um\u011bleck\u00fd talent s hlubok\u00fdm z\u00e1vazkem v\u016f\u010di americk\u00e9 v\u011bci. Jako \u010dlen Syn\u016f svobody Peale bojoval po boku sv\u00fdch vlasteneck\u00fdch druh\u016f a zaznamen\u00e1val kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 okam\u017eiky v\u00e1lky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch portr\u00e9t\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Thomase Jeffersona, Lewise a Clarka, Johna Hancocka a Alexandra Hamiltona. Jeho nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1m\u011btem byl George Washington, kter\u00e9ho namaloval v\u00edce ne\u017e 60kr\u00e1t a zachytil tak podstatu v\u016fdcovstv\u00ed a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edho prezidenta.<\/p>\n\n
B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky si americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da uv\u011bdomila potenci\u00e1l um\u011blc\u016f a design\u00e9r\u016f p\u0159isp\u011bt k v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed. Mezi t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed byli povol\u00e1ni, byl Ellsworth Kelly, mlad\u00fd abstraktn\u00ed expresionista. Kellyho dovednosti byly vyu\u017eity k v\u00fdvoji prototyp\u016f fale\u0161n\u00fdch tank\u016f, d\u017e\u00edp\u016f a zbran\u00ed vyroben\u00fdch z gumy, pytloviny a d\u0159eva. Tyto n\u00e1vnady byly um\u00edst\u011bny strategicky, aby N\u011bmce oklamaly a p\u0159im\u011bly je k domn\u011bnce, \u017ee Spojenci maj\u00ed na zemi v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00edlu, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti m\u011bli.<\/p>\n\n
Andy Warhol, ikona pop artu, u\u010dinil odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch v roce 1972 sv\u00fdm tiskem \u201eVote McGovern\u201c. S v\u00edcebarevn\u00fdm portr\u00e9tem Richarda Nixona s titulkem \u201eVote McGovern\u201c pod n\u00edm vyjad\u0159oval tisk Warholovu podporu demokratick\u00e9mu kandid\u00e1tovi. Znepokojiv\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed portr\u00e9tu, s Nixonovou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed odlitou v uschl\u00e9m zelenomodr\u00e9m odst\u00ednu a drobn\u00fdmi \u017elut\u00fdmi o\u010dima, vyvol\u00e1valo pocit neklidu a podvr\u00e1cen\u00ed. K\u0159iklav\u011b r\u016f\u017eov\u00e1 barva pou\u017eit\u00e1 jako pozad\u00ed d\u00e1le nazna\u010dovala Warhol\u016fv kritick\u00fd postoj k Nixonov\u011b politice.<\/p>\n\n
Warhol\u016fv tisk \u201eVote McGovern\u201c je prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem podprahov\u00e9 s\u00edly um\u011bn\u00ed. Protipostaven\u00edm nelichotiv\u00e9ho Nixonvho portr\u00e9tu s politicky nabitou r\u016f\u017eovou barvou vytvo\u0159il Warhol vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 rezonovalo s div\u00e1ky na podv\u011bdom\u00e9 \u00farovni. Tuto techniku vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed barev, obraz\u016f a symboliky k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed skryt\u00fdch v\u00fdznam\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvali um\u011blci v pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin k ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed politick\u00e9ho diskurzu.<\/p>\n\n
Um\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 schopnost utv\u00e1\u0159et a odr\u00e1\u017eet n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu. Um\u011blci p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke kolektivn\u00ed pam\u011bti a ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed minulosti, sou\u010dasnosti a budoucnosti t\u00edm, \u017ee zobrazuj\u00ed historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, vlasteneck\u00e9 symboly a kulturn\u00ed hodnoty. Od Pealeov\u00fdch portr\u00e9t\u016f hrdin\u016f v\u00e1lky za nez\u00e1vislost a\u017e po Warholovu kritiku politick\u00e9 moci hr\u00e1lo um\u011bn\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pocitu n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jednoty a c\u00edle.<\/p>\n\n
Pr\u016fnik um\u011bn\u00ed a patriotismu je komplexn\u00ed a mnohostrann\u00fd. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin vyjad\u0159ovali um\u011blci sv\u00e9 vlasteneck\u00e9 n\u00e1lady prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly styl\u016f a m\u00e9di\u00ed, od tradi\u010dn\u00ed portr\u00e9tn\u00ed malby a\u017e po abstraktn\u00ed expresionismus a pop art. Jejich d\u00edla oslavovala i zpochyb\u0148ovala n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hodnoty, dokumentovala historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti a ovliv\u0148ovala politick\u00fd diskurz. Kdy\u017e zkoum\u00e1me roli um\u011blc\u016f p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed moci um\u011bn\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eet a utv\u00e1\u0159et lidskou zku\u0161enost.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Um\u011blci a patriotismus: historick\u00e1 perspektiva V pr\u016fb\u011bhu d\u011bjin hr\u00e1li um\u011blci v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vlasteneck\u00fdch n\u00e1lad. Od ikonick\u00e9ho zobrazen\u00ed americk\u00e9 vlajky Jasperem Johnsem po subverzivn\u00ed politick\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e Andyho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5914],"tags":[5905,104,19,56,5906,5908,743,5909,5912,5911,1375,5907,5910,5913],"class_list":["post-3031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-patriotic-art","tag-charles-willson-peale","tag-art-history","tag-american-history","tag-world-war-ii","tag-ellsworth-kelly","tag-historical-perspectives","tag-camouflage","tag-national-identity","tag-subliminal-messaging","tag-political-commentary","tag-pop-art","tag-flag-waving-artists","tag-patriotic-art","tag-warhol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3031"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3032,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3031\/revisions\/3032"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}