V hork\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1971 narazil paleontolog Mike Voorhies a jeho man\u017eelka, geolo\u017eka Jane, na skryt\u00fd poklad na kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9m poli v Nebrasce. P\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu hlubok\u00e9 rokle si Voorhies v\u0161iml zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010delisti zapu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 v siln\u00e9 vrstv\u011b sope\u010dn\u00e9ho popela. Intenzivn\u011bji kopal a vykopal lebku ml\u00e1d\u011bte nosoro\u017ece.<\/p>\n\n
Voorhies si uv\u011bdomil v\u00fdznam sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1lezu a vr\u00e1til se s t\u00fdmem student\u016f, aby m\u00edsto vykopali. B\u011bhem dvou sez\u00f3n vykopali \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch 200 koster, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edch 17 druh\u016f obratlovc\u016f. Hlubok\u00e1 vrstva popela, nav\u00e1t\u00e1 prehistorick\u00fdmi sope\u010dn\u00fdmi erupcemi, pozoruhodn\u011b zachovala tyto starov\u011bk\u00e9 tvory v trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch detailech.<\/p>\n\n
Popelav\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed nalezi\u0161t\u011b byla p\u0159irovn\u00e1na k prehistorick\u00e9 Pompeji, kde zv\u00ed\u0159ata za\u017eila pomalou a bolestivou smrt. Na rozd\u00edl od obyvatel starov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynuli okam\u017eit\u011b sope\u010dn\u00fdm popelem a v\u00fdpary, zv\u00ed\u0159ata z Nebrasky sn\u00e1\u0161ela dlouhou a bolestivou smrt.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byla inhalace jemn\u00e9ho sope\u010dn\u00e9ho popela, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila hypertrofickou plicn\u00ed osteodystrofii, stav charakterizovan\u00fd vysok\u00fdmi hore\u010dkami, otoky a patologick\u00fdmi kostn\u00edmi v\u00fdr\u016fstky. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159itahov\u00e1na k napajedlu, aby se osv\u011b\u017eila od horka, postupn\u011b podlehla v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika dn\u016f nebo t\u00fddn\u016f, v z\u00e1vislosti na jejich velikosti.<\/p>\n\n
Popelav\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed nalezi\u0161t\u011b nejen nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled do hr\u016fz prehistorick\u00e9 katastrofy, ale tak\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed vz\u00e1cnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost studovat proces evoluce v akci. M\u00edsto poskytlo fos\u00edlie kon\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch evoluce, od t\u0159\u00edprst\u00fdch po jednoprst\u00e9 druhy.<\/p>\n\n
Jak se klima m\u011bnilo ze subtropick\u00e9ho pralesa na savanu, kon\u011b se p\u0159izp\u016fsobili m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se krajin\u011b. T\u0159\u00edprst\u00ed kon\u011b, dob\u0159e p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed vlhk\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, postupn\u011b ustoupili jednoprst\u00fdm kon\u00edm, l\u00e9pe vybaven\u00fdm pro otev\u0159en\u00e9 travnat\u00e9 plochy. Evoluce kon\u011b nebyla line\u00e1rn\u00ed progres\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e procesem v\u011btven\u00ed, kdy r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy koexistovaly v r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch adaptace.<\/p>\n\n
Rozmanitost druh\u016f nalezen\u00fdch v popelav\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch poskytuje sn\u00edmek ekologick\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 existovalo v Nebrasce p\u0159ed miliony let. Od drobn\u00fdch pt\u00e1k\u016f a \u017eelv a\u017e po obrovsk\u00e9 nosoro\u017ece a ob\u0159\u00ed \u017eelvy nab\u00edz\u00ed m\u00edsto pohled na propojenost prehistorick\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
Tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje k\u0159ehkost ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a hlubok\u00fd dopad, kter\u00fd mohou m\u00edt katastrofick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti na pr\u016fb\u011bh evoluce. Sope\u010dn\u00e1 erupce, kter\u00e1 pokryla popelav\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed nalezi\u0161t\u011b, nejen zdecimovala celou populaci, ale tak\u00e9 urychlila evolu\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1hu p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Dnes St\u00e1tn\u00ed historick\u00fd park Popelav\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed nalezi\u0161t\u011b v\u00edt\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, aby prozkoumali tento jedine\u010dn\u00fd geologick\u00fd a paleontologick\u00fd poklad. Prohl\u00eddky s pr\u016fvodcem a v\u00fdstavy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 fos\u00edlie a osv\u011btluj\u00ed procesy, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vno formovaly \u017eivot na Zemi. V\u011bdci nad\u00e1le studuj\u00ed toto m\u00edsto a Popelav\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed nalezi\u0161t\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed cenn\u00fdm zdrojem pro pochopen\u00ed minulosti a informov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161eho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Popelav\u00e1 fosiln\u00ed nalezi\u0161t\u011b: Prehistorick\u00e1 Pompeje a okno do evoluce Objev skryt\u00e9ho pokladu V hork\u00e9m l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1971 narazil paleontolog Mike Voorhies a jeho man\u017eelka, geolo\u017eka Jane, na skryt\u00fd poklad na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24231,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[816,136,239,137,140,141],"class_list":["post-304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-ashfall-fossil-beds","tag-evolution","tag-fossils","tag-paleontology","tag-prehistoric-animals","tag-natural-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=304"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24232,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/304\/revisions\/24232"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}